Chemistry Final Review
1) List the states of matter in terms of increasing density.
2) Explain the reason for this order based upon particle arrangement.
3) Describe differences between the three states of matter in terms of their properties and particle motion.
4) Explain the difference between an endothermic and an exothermic process.
5) Which phase changes are endothermic?
6) In terms of electron transitions, explain how the colors of light are formed during a flame test.
7) Which of the three states of matter has the strongest attractive forces?
8) What must occur for a phase change to happen? How must the kinetic energy of the particles change?
9) Identify each phase change. Which changes are exothermic
10) How are elements, compounds and mixtures similar?
11) How are they different? Give an example of each.
12) How can you distinguish between a physical and a chemical change? Give an example.
13) Explain each separation technique.
14) Draw Bohr’s atomic model.
15) What does “n” represent in the model?
16) Write electron configurations and dot structures for Cobalt and Tellurium.
17) Write orbital diagrams for Selenium and Calcium.
18) Which of the following are isotopes?
Lithium-7, 18O, 42Ca, Fluorine-18, 42Sc, 8Li, Calcium-40
19) Identify the atomic number, mass number, and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for: Mercury-202 131Xe
20) Distinguish between the subatomic particles based upon their masses, charge and location.
21) Explain how cations and anions are formed.
22) How does the size of each ion compare to the original atom?
23) How many sublevels, orbitals and electrons are contained in the fourth energy level?
24) What is an orbital and how is it related to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
25) What does a stable octet refer to, and which elements have it naturally?
26) Draw a bonding diagram for Calcium and Chlorine.
27) What were the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? What conclusions did he draw about atoms?
28) Based upon their general properties, distinguish between metals, nonmetals, ionic compounds and molecular compounds.
29) How are Ionic and Covalent bonds different?
30) How are Ionic and Covalent bonds different?
31) Name the following compounds:
Ba(HCO₃)₂ P₆Cl₃ CoSO₄ Br₄S Sr₃N₂
32) Write formulas for the following:
Lead (IV) Carbonate Xenon Pentachloride Germanium Telluride Lithium Phosphate
33) What is the most abundant isotope of Gallium? How do you know?
34) Draw Lewis Structures for the following molecules. Indicate their shape.
PCl₃ C₂H₃N BF₃ ClCN