Biology Final Exam Review Fall 2013: Semester 1

Scientific Method

1. What are the steps of the scientific method?

2. Define these words: independent variable, dependent variable, quantitative data, qualitative data, control, constants, hypothesis

3. Mr. Krabbs has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) take a special pill he thinks will reduce gas. The other 50 (Group B) take a “sugar” pill that looks just like his special gas pill. Both groups were told that they were getting the pill that would reduce gas production. Two hours after taking the pill, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.

a) Which people are in the control group?

b) What is the independent variable?

c) What is the dependent variable?

d) What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?

Cell Parts & Cell Theory

1. What are the three parts of the cell theory?

2. Define the function of these organelles: plasma (cell) membrane, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts, ribosomes

3. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

4. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to one another?

5. Explain why it is harmful for cells to become too large.

6. What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as a cell’s size increases.

Bacteria and Viruses

1. What are the main differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote? (give examples)

2. What are the two main parts of a virus?

3. Give two characteristics of viruses.

4. Give two characteristics of bacteria.

5. Draw: a) a typical virus b) a typical bacteria cell

6. What is a bacteriophage?

Diffusion and Osmosis

1. Define diffusion, osmosis, equilibrium, concentration gradient

2. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?

3. When would energy be required to bring something in or out of a cell?

4. What is the main reason that nutrients, waste, and molecules diffuse in and out of the cell?

Human Body Systems

1. Define Homeostasis.

2. Which organ plays a huge role in keeping the body in balance by removing waste and regulating fluids in the blood?

3. Explain the main roles of the:

a) digestive system

b)circulatory system

c) excretory system

d) respiratory system

4. What are the main roles for the muscular system?

5. What are hormones and how do they keep our bodies in balance?

Organic Molecules

1. What are the 4 macromolecules. Give an example of each.

2. Which elements are found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids?

3. Which macromolecule stores genetic information.

4. Which macromolecule is our preferred energy source (hint: energy is obtained from this molecule quickly)

5. How is energy stored in humans and how is it stored in plants?

6. Name the building blocks (monomers) of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

7. Define hydrolysis and dehydration.

8. During hydrolysis is energy released or gained?

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

1. What is photosynthesis? Why is it important? What is the formula?

2. What is cellular respiration? What is the formula?

3. Which organelle is responsible for photsynthesis?

4. Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?

5. What is ATP? Where does it come from?

6. How is energy released from ATP? What is that energy used for?

7. What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration? How many ATP are formed in total?

8. What is ESSENTIAL for plants to produce their own food?

9. What kind of energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur? What kind of energy is it converted into?

10. Define autotroph. Give an example(s).

11. Which products are made during the light reaction and which are made during the Calvin cycle?

12. What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?

13. What is anaerobic respiration and what are some of its products?

Cell Reproduction:

1) Define the following terms: mitosis, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatid, chromosome, G0, interphase, centrosome, cleavage furrow, cell plate, haploid, diploid, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, kinetochore fibers, polar fibers, autosome, sex chromosome, histone, binary fission.

2) Be able to identify the several stages of mitosis through their basic characteristics.

3) Be able to distinguish between cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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