THIS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WAS PUT FORTH BY MR. BOB HARRISON, BIOLOGY TEACHER AT EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL IN DEARBORN, MICHIGAN!
Study Guide for the
Biology Semester 1 Final Exam
Scientific Method (Chapter 1)
1. What are the steps of the scientific method in order?
2. Define these words: independent variable, dependent variable, quantitative data, qualitative data, control, hypothesis
3. Mr. Kennedy has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) take a special pill he thinks will reduce gas. The other 50 (Group B) take a “sugar” pill that looks just like his special gas pill. Both groups were told that they were getting the pill that would reduce gas production. Two hours after taking the pill, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.
a) Which people are in the control group?
b) What is the independent variable?
c) What is the dependent variable?
d) What should Mr. Kennedy’s conclusion be?
Organic Molecules (Chapter 3)
1. What are the 4 types of organic macromolecules? Give an example of each.
2. Which elements are found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids?
3. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
4. Which macromolecule provides a short-term energy source?
5. In which molecule is energy stored in humans AND in which molecule is it stored in plants?
6. Name the building blocks (monomers) of (a) proteins, (b) carbohydrates, and (c) nucleic acids.
7. Define hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis.
8. During hydrolysis is energy released or gained?
Cell Parts & Cell Theory (Chapter 4)
1. What characteristics do all living things have?
2. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
3. Give the function of these organelles: cell (plasma) membrane, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts, ribosomes.
4. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
5. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to one another?
6. Explain why it is harmful for cells to become too large.
7. What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as a cell’s size increases?
Bacteria and Viruses (Chapters 23 and 24)
1. What are the main differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote? (give examples)
2. What are the two main parts of a virus?
3. Give two characteristics of viruses.
4. Give two characteristics of bacteria.
5. Draw: a) a typical virus b) a typical bacteria cell
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Cell Transport (Chapter 5)
1. Define: (a) diffusion, (b) osmosis, (c) equilibrium, (d) concentration gradient
2. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
3. When would energy be required to bring something in or out of a cell?
4. What is the main reason that nutrients, waste, and molecules diffuse in and out of the cell?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (Chapters 6 and 7)
1. What is photosynthesis? What is the equation for photosynthesis? Label the products and reactants.
2. What is cellular respiration? What is the equation for cellular respiration? Label the products and reactants.
3. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
4. Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
5. What is ATP? Where does it come from?
6. What things are ESSENTIAL for plants to produce their own food?
7. What kind of energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur? What kind of energy is it transformed into?
8. Define autotroph. Give an example(s).
9. What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
10. What is anaerobic respiration and what are some of its products?
Mitosis (Chapter 8)
1. Define ALL of the following terms: mitosis, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatid, chromsome, G0, G1, S, G2, interphase, centrosome, cleavage furrow, cell plate, homologous chromosomes, autosome, sex chromosome.
2. Give the 4 phases of mitosis AND briefly describe what is happening during each phase.
3. Distinguish between cell division in plant cells and animal cells.
Human Body Systems (Chapters 45-51)
1. Define homeostasis.
2. Which organ plays a huge role in keeping the body in balance by removing waste and regulating fluids in the blood?
3. Explain the main roles/functions of the:
a. digestive system
b. circulatory system
c. excretory system
d. respiratory system
4. What are the main functions of the muscular system?
5. Give the path that blood takes through the heart as it enters through the vena cava and ultimately gets pumped through the body. Be sure to name the heart chambers and blood vessels through which it travels.
6. Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
7. Describe the pathway through which food travels in the digestive system.