Students in 1st hour and 2nd hour will be evaluated on Wednesday, January 23, 2013 at 7:20-8:50 and 9:00-10:30 respectively.
Students in 3rd hour will be evaluated on Thursday, January 24, 2013 at 7:20-8:50.
Students in the 6th hour will be evaluated on Friday, January 25, 2013 at 7:20-8:50.
ALL STUDENTS NEED TO REVIEW THEIR NOTES, HANDOUTS, CHARTS, GRAPHS, AND CONCEPTS TO BE BETTER PREPARED FOR THEIR FINAL EXAMINATION FOR SEMESTER 1 NEXT WEEK.
ON TUESDAY, THE 22ND OF JANUARY, STUDENTS NEED TO COME PREPARED TO ASK SPECIFIC-NOT GENERALIZED-QUESTIONS TO CLARIFY ANY MISCONCEPTIONS ON THEIR PART IN TERMS OF THE PLETHORA OF INFORMATION THAT HAS BEEN DISCUSSED, ELABORATED UPON, AND REINFORCED IN AND OUT OF THE CLASSROOM!
Due to time constraints, we will answer Section 7.4 Science Notebook Reading Guide pages 91 through 93 and elaborate upon them through a class discussion of a teaching transparency on said subject as well as assign a study guide for this section as a wrap up for this semester.
THIS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WAS PUT FORTH BY MR. BOB HARRISON, BIOLOGY TEACHER AT EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL IN DEARBORN, MICHIGAN!
Study Guide for the
Biology Semester 1 Final Exam
Scientific Method (Chapter 1)
1. What are the steps of the scientific method in order?
2. Define these words: independent variable, dependent variable, quantitative data, qualitative data, control, hypothesis
3. Mr. Kennedy has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) take a special pill he thinks will reduce gas. The other 50 (Group B) take a “sugar” pill that looks just like his special gas pill. Both groups were told that they were getting the pill that would reduce gas production. Two hours after taking the pill, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.
a) Which people are in the control group?
b) What is the independent variable?
c) What is the dependent variable?
d) What should Mr. Kennedy’s conclusion be?
Organic Molecules (Chapter 3)
1. What are the 4 types of organic macromolecules? Give an example of each.
2. Which elements are found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids?
3. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
4. Which macromolecule provides a short-term energy source?
5. In which molecule is energy stored in humans AND in which molecule is it stored in plants?
6. Name the building blocks (monomers) of (a) proteins, (b) carbohydrates, and (c) nucleic acids.
7. Define hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis.
8. During hydrolysis is energy released or gained?
Cell Parts & Cell Theory (Chapter 4)
1. What characteristics do all living things have?
2. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
3. Give the function of these organelles: cell (plasma) membrane, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts, ribosomes.
4. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
5. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to one another?
6. Explain why it is harmful for cells to become too large.
7. What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as a cell’s size increases?
Bacteria and Viruses (Chapters 23 and 24)
1. What are the main differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote? (give examples)
2. What are the two main parts of a virus?
3. Give two characteristics of viruses.
4. Give two characteristics of bacteria.
5. Draw: a) a typical virus b) a typical bacteria cell
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Cell Transport (Chapter 5)
1. Define: (a) diffusion, (b) osmosis, (c) equilibrium, (d) concentration gradient
2. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
3. When would energy be required to bring something in or out of a cell?
4. What is the main reason that nutrients, waste, and molecules diffuse in and out of the cell?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (Chapters 6 and 7)
1. What is photosynthesis? What is the equation for photosynthesis? Label the products and reactants.
2. What is cellular respiration? What is the equation for cellular respiration? Label the products and reactants.
3. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
4. Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
5. What is ATP? Where does it come from?
6. What things are ESSENTIAL for plants to produce their own food?
7. What kind of energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur? What kind of energy is it transformed into?
8. Define autotroph. Give an example(s).
9. What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
10. What is anaerobic respiration and what are some of its products?
Mitosis (Chapter 8)
1. Define ALL of the following terms: mitosis, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatid, chromsome, G0, G1, S, G2, interphase, centrosome, cleavage furrow, cell plate, homologous chromosomes, autosome, sex chromosome.
2. Give the 4 phases of mitosis AND briefly describe what is happening during each phase.
3. Distinguish between cell division in plant cells and animal cells.
Human Body Systems (Chapters 45-51)
1. Define homeostasis.
2. Which organ plays a huge role in keeping the body in balance by removing waste and regulating fluids in the blood?
3. Explain the main roles/functions of the:
a. digestive system
b. circulatory system
c. excretory system
d. respiratory system
4. What are the main functions of the muscular system?
5. Give the path that blood takes through the heart as it enters through the vena cava and ultimately gets pumped through the body. Be sure to name the heart chambers and blood vessels through which it travels.
6. Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
7. Describe the pathway through which food travels in the digestive system.
Scientific Method
1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
2. Define these words: independent variable, dependent variable, quantitative data, qualitative data, control, constants, hypothesis
3. Mr. Krabbs has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) take a special pill he thinks will reduce gas. The other 50 (Group B) take a “sugar” pill that looks just like his special gas pill. Both groups were told that they were getting the pill that would reduce gas production. Two hours after taking the pill, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.
a) Which people are in the control group?
b) What is the independent variable?
c) What is the dependent variable?
d) What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?
Cell Parts & Cell Theory
1. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
2. Define the function of these organelles: plasma (cell) membrane, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts, ribosomes
3. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
4. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to one another?
5. Explain why it is harmful for cells to become too large.
6. What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as a cell’s size increases.
Bacteria and Viruses
1. What are the main differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote? (give examples)
2. What are the two main parts of a virus?
3. Give two characteristics of viruses.
4. Give two characteristics of bacteria.
5. Draw: a) a typical virus b) a typical bacteria cell
6. What is a bacteriophage?
Diffusion and Osmosis
1. Define diffusion, osmosis, equilibrium, concentration gradient
2. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
3. When would energy be required to bring something in or out of a cell?
4. What is the main reason that nutrients, waste, and molecules diffuse in and out of the cell?
Human Body Systems
1. Define Homeostasis.
2. Which organ plays a huge role in keeping the body in balance by removing waste and regulating fluids in the blood?
3. Explain the main roles of the:
a) digestive system
b)circulatory system
c) excretory system
d) respiratory system
4. What are the main roles for the muscular system?
5. What are hormones and how do they keep our bodies in balance?
Organic Molecules
1. What are the 4 macromolecules. Give an example of each.
2. Which elements are found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids?
3. Which macromolecule stores genetic information.
4. Which macromolecule is our preferred energy source (hint: energy is obtained from this molecule quickly)
5. How is energy stored in humans and how is it stored in plants?
6. Name the building blocks (monomers) of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
7. Define hydrolysis and dehydration.
8. During hydrolysis is energy released or gained?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
1. What is photosynthesis? Why is it important? What is the formula?
2. What is cellular respiration? What is the formula?
3. Which organelle is responsible for photsynthesis?
4. Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
5. What is ATP? Where does it come from?
6. How is energy released from ATP? What is that energy used for?
7. What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration? How many ATP are formed in total?
8. What is ESSENTIAL for plants to produce their own food?
9. What kind of energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur? What kind of energy is it converted into?
10. Define autotroph. Give an example(s).
11. Which products are made during the light reaction and which are made during the Calvin cycle?
12. What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
13. What is anaerobic respiration and what are some of its products?
Cell Reproduction:
1) Define the following terms: mitosis, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatid, chromosome, G0, interphase, centrosome, cleavage furrow, cell plate, haploid, diploid, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, kinetochore fibers, polar fibers, autosome, sex chromosome, histone, binary fission.
2) Be able to identify the several stages of mitosis through their basic characteristics.
3) Be able to distinguish between cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Chemistry Final Review
1) List the states of matter in terms of increasing density.
2) Explain the reason for this order based upon particle arrangement.
3) Describe differences between the three states of matter in terms of their properties and particle motion.
4) Explain the difference between an endothermic and an exothermic process.
5) Which phase changes are endothermic?
6) In terms of electron transitions, explain how the colors of light are formed during a flame test.
7) Which of the three states of matter has the strongest attractive forces?
8) What must occur for a phase change to happen? How must the kinetic energy of the particles change?
9) Identify each phase change. Which changes are exothermic
10) How are elements, compounds and mixtures similar?
11) How are they different? Give an example of each.
12) How can you distinguish between a physical and a chemical change? Give an example.
13) Explain each separation technique.
14) Draw Bohr’s atomic model.
15) What does “n” represent in the model?
16) Write electron configurations and dot structures for Cobalt and Tellurium.
17) Write orbital diagrams for Selenium and Calcium.
18) Which of the following are isotopes?
Lithium-7, 18O, 42Ca, Fluorine-18, 42Sc, 8Li, Calcium-40
19) Identify the atomic number, mass number, and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for: Mercury-202 131Xe
20) Distinguish between the subatomic particles based upon their masses, charge and location.
21) Explain how cations and anions are formed.
22) How does the size of each ion compare to the original atom?
23) How many sublevels, orbitals and electrons are contained in the fourth energy level?
24) What is an orbital and how is it related to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
25) What does a stable octet refer to, and which elements have it naturally?
26) Draw a bonding diagram for Calcium and Chlorine.
27) What were the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? What conclusions did he draw about atoms?
28) Based upon their general properties, distinguish between metals, nonmetals, ionic compounds and molecular compounds.
29) How are Ionic and Covalent bonds different?
30) How are Ionic and Covalent bonds different?
31) Name the following compounds:
Ba(HCO₃)₂ P₆Cl₃ CoSO₄ Br₄S Sr₃N₂
32) Write formulas for the following:
Lead (IV) Carbonate Xenon Pentachloride Germanium Telluride Lithium Phosphate
33) What is the most abundant isotope of Gallium? How do you know?
34) Draw Lewis Structures for the following molecules. Indicate their shape.
PCl₃ C₂H₃N BF₃ ClCN
Students will be evaluated upon their comprehension skills in terms of naming ionic and molecular chemical compounds that are based on their formulas. Furthermore, students are expected to write chemical formulas for the names of ionic and molecular compounds.
Students who feel that they still need further practice on naming compounds and writing formulas are recommended to practice on the given exercise worksheet as a reinforcement to be better prepared for Thursday’s evaluation on this topic. Tomorrow will practice further as needed.
Students will use the next three school days only to overview and briefly study the fetal pig’s external and internal organs as well as reinforce the functions of said organs using their notes from the past week. Normally, the fetal pig is studied in details for a period of three weeks; but due to time constraints, we will be examine it for the three days, pointing out the major organs and identifying their basic functions as a reinforcement.
Students are to complete their Science Notebook Reading Guide on pages 99-101. Moreover, students are to do the study guide on Section 8.2 on naming molecular compounds and review writing ionic compound formulas on the back side of the same study guide.
