Science Classroom Connection

All biology students need to define all thirty (30) vocabulary terms in sections 9.1 & 9.2 in their notebooks. These will be discussed, reinforced, and elaborated upon in class in the next two days.

Review chapter 8 Cell Reproduction (Mitosis & Meiosis) for test on Tuesday!

This test will include several multiple choice and fill-ins along with three short answers.

Students will elaborate upon the processes of cell division in terms of mitosis and meiosis and the end products of each process. Furthermore, a comparative analysis will be done between these two cellular processes to further enhance learning.

TEST IS SCHEDULED ON CHAPTER 8 ON MONDAY 2/27/2012. STUDY ALL HANDOUTS AND REVIEW QUESTIONS THAT HAVE BEEN GIVEN FOR THE PAST TWO WEEKS.

Students will be evaluated upon the structure of the chromosome in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, students will be able to distinguish among the characteristics of the cellular division processes, namely, mitosis and meiosis, that are an integral part of the cell cycle. Finally, students will be able to distinguish and compare the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction processes.

Scientific Method

1.  What are the steps of the scientific method?

2.  Define these words:  independent variable, dependent variable, quantitative data, qualitative data, control, constants, hypothesis

3.  Mr. Krabbs has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) take a special pill he thinks will reduce gas. The other 50 (Group B) take a “sugar” pill that looks just like his special gas pill. Both groups were told that they were getting the pill that would reduce gas production. Two hours after taking the pill, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.

a)  Which people are in the control group?

b)  What is the independent variable?

c)  What is the dependent variable?

d)  What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?

Cell Parts & Cell Theory

1.  What are the three parts of the cell theory?

2.  Define the function of these organelles:  plasma (cell) membrane,  Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts, ribosomes

3.  What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

4.  How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to one another?

5.  Explain why it is harmful for cells to become too large. 

6.  What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as a cell’s size increases.

Bacteria and Viruses

1.  What are the main differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote?  (give examples)

2.  What are the two main parts of a virus?

3.  Give two characteristics of viruses.

4.  Give two characteristics of bacteria.

5.  Draw:       a) a typical virus                         b) a typical bacteria cell

6.  What is a bacteriophage?

Diffusion and Osmosis

1.  Define diffusion,  osmosis,  equilibrium,  concentration gradient

2.  What is the difference between passive transport and active transport? 

3.  When would energy be required to bring something in or out of a cell?

4.  What is the main reason that nutrients, waste, and molecules diffuse in and out of the cell?

Human Body Systems

1.  Define Homeostasis. 

2.  Which organ plays a huge role in keeping the body in balance by removing waste and regulating fluids in the blood?

3.  Explain the main roles of the:

a) digestive system       

b)circulatory system                                                                        

c) excretory system     

d) respiratory system

4.  What are the main roles for the muscular system?

5.  What are hormones and how do they keep our bodies in balance?

Organic Molecules

1.  What are the 4 macromolecules.  Give an example of each.

2.  Which elements are found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids?

3.  Which macromolecule stores genetic information.

4.  Which macromolecule is our preferred energy source (hint: energy is        obtained from this molecule quickly)

5.  How is energy stored in humans and how is it stored in plants? 

6.  Name the building blocks (monomers) of proteins, carbohydrates, and       nucleic acids.

7.  Define hydrolysis and dehydration. 

8.  During hydrolysis is energy released or gained?

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

1.  What is photosynthesis?  Why is it important?  What is the formula?

2.  What is cellular respiration?  What is the formula?

3.  Which organelle is responsible for photsynthesis?

4.  Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?

5.  What is ATP?  Where does it come from?

6.  How is energy released from ATP?  What is that energy used for?

7.  What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?  How many ATP are formed in        total?

8.  What is ESSENTIAL for plants to produce their own food?

9.  What kind of energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur?  What kind of energy is it converted into?

10.  Define autotroph.  Give an example(s).

11.  Which products are made during the light reaction and which are         made during the Calvin cycle?

12.  What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?

13.  What is anaerobic respiration and what are some of its products?

 Cell Reproduction (Moved to Semester 2):

1) Define the following terms:  mitosis, meiosis, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatid, chromsome, G0, interphase, centrosome, cleavage furrow, cell plate, crossing-over, independent assortment, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, haploid, diploid, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, tetrad, kinetochore fibers, polar fibers, autosome, sex chromosome, histone, binary fission, gamete, germ cell, polar body, and genetic recombination.

2) Be able to identify the several stages of mitosis and meiosis through their basic characteristics.

3) Be able to distinguish between cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Students will learn about populations in terms of their properties, patterns of dispersion, measurements used in changing populations, the three general types of survivorship curves, the four processes that determine population growth, models of population growth, and how the development of agriculture has influenced human population growth over time in developing and developed countries such as China and the United States respectively.

Students will have an opportunity to explore the field of ecology in terms of how living and non-living things interact within an environment, and how several variables can easily influence an ecosystem and change it for an extended period of time. Furthermore, students will realize how the flow of energy throughout an ecosystem is able to influence the biogeochemical cycles that include water, carbon-oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle.

Students will learn about the fossil record  that has been put forth by several scientists that include, but not limited to, the work of Charles Darwin. Furthermore, students will plot and analyze a set of data and draw any logical conclusions that can be applicable to their study of the fossil record.