Vocabulary:
meiosis, mitosis, gamete, crossing-over, karyotype, centromere, heterozygous, homozygous, F1 Generation, P Generation, transcription, translation, replication, mutation, allele, common ancestor, variation, adaptation, acclimation, natural selection, artificial selection, half-life, homologous structures, analogous structures, divergent evolution, convergent evolution, coevolution, parasite, symbiosis, population, community, biome, ecosystem, habitat, niche, abiotic factor, biotic factor, producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritivore, trophic level, decomposer, and pollinator.
Questions:
What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
What types of cells are produced in meiosis?
Sketch the process of meiosis, showing what is happening to the chromosomes.
What is the normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell? In a human sex cell?
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
What is genetic recombination and what causes it?
Who was Gregor Mendel, and with what is he credited?
In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Draw a Punnett square to show a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for eye color. Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
What is the main (primary) function of DNA?
Sketch the structure of a DNA molecule.
Label the parts of the molecule.
What is a nucleotide?
What three (3) parts make up a nucleotide?
What are the four (4) nucleotides that make up DNA?How are they paired?
What are the four (4) nucleotides that make up RNA? How are they paired?
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
Give the complementary strand to the DNA strand with the following sequence: GACTTCAG.
What are the three types of RNA? Give the function of each.
Translate the following mRNA sequence into a protein: AUCGUGAAAUGUAGG
Give an example of when a mutation would be helpful. Give an example of when a mutation would be harmful. Give an example of when a mutation would be neutral.
One parent is homozygous dominant for type B blood. The other parent has type O blood. What blood type will their children have?
What are the chances that parents who are both carriers for a recessive genetic disorder will have a child with the genetic disorder? Show your work using a Punnett square.
What is a sex-linked trait?
In what ways are sex-linked traits different from autosomal traits?
Which parent’s genetic contribution determines the sex of the couple’s child?
Explain how the finches may have evolved on the Galapagos Islands, according to Charles Darwin.
Charles Darwin was not the first person to suggest that living things change over time (evolve), but he was the first to show evidence that living things changed as a result of ____________ ____________.
The bones in the forelimbs of humans, cats, and bats are considered ___________ ____________. This means that humans, cats, and bats descended from a _________________ ________________.
Give three (3) examples of vestigial structures. The wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bird would be considered ______________ ________________.
What does this suggest about their relatedness? Give four (4) examples of abiotic factors.
Describe the niche of an American toad. Give an example of a food chain that would include an American toad.
Why are food chains limited to 3 or 4 “links”?
Approximately how much energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next?
How are the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle similar?
Define AND give an example of each of the following relationships: Predator-prey, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, mimicry, camouflage, competition.
Sketch a graph of the world population of humans from your book (p. 391).
During which time periods did the human population grow the slowest and the fastest?