Table 2.7 Major membrane filtration processes used in drinking-water treatment
Type MICROFILTRATION
(µm) Primary applications Microbes removed
MF 30–50 ≥ 0.1 Removal of particles
and turbidity
Algae, protozoa and
most bacteria
ULTRAFILTRATION
Algae, protozoa, most
bacteria and viruses
NANOFILTRAION
NF
ions (softening) and
dissolved organic
matter
Algae, protozoa, most
bacteria and viruses REVERSE OSMOSIS
Removal of monovalent
ions (desalination)
Algae, protozoa, most
bacteria and viruses
MF = microfiltration; NF = nanofiltration; RO = reverse osmosis; UF = ultrafiltration
Protozoa- ARE PARASITES
Entamoeba histolytica (a protozoan parasite)
Nanofiltration Virus removal- Microbes are VIRUSES
Samples were concentrated by ultrafiltration and tested for the presence of hepatitis A virus, adenovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, norovirus and enteroviruses. All viruses, excluding the Enteroviruses were detected through biomolecular testing. Enteroviruses, were isolated on BGM cells and subsequently genotyped at the VP1 region
Bacteria- Giardia cysts, coli form
algae Chlorella and Scenedesmus quadricuda
Ions-
(removal of calcium and magnesium), removal of some
radionuclides (e.g. radium and barium) and removal of various other
contaminants (e.g. nitrate, arsenate, chromate, selenate and dissolved organic
carbon)
Create a Power Point Presentation!!!!!
PowerPoint- Toilet to Tap Wastewater Treatment- BASIC POWER-POINT GUIDELINES:
Open a NEW Google slides presentation.
On slide 1
*In the TITLE BOX type : Toilet to Tap Wastewater Treatment
*In the second text box type your: Name, Date, & Hour
3. On slide 2- List the 4 types of Filters you will use
*Give a description in COMPLETE SENTENCES,
(USE WRITING TOOLS), to communicate how
each filter works. Types of Filters-Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis…..ultraviolet radiation & H2O2
4. On slides 3 to 7- Use a COLOR picture for each Substance found on your
“Wastewater Resource Cards” as well as describe the SIZE IN METERS,
ALSO-WHY THE SUBSTANCE MUST BE CLEANED OUT OF WASTEWATER? Substances: Water Molecule, Nitrate, E. Coli, Viruses, Hair, Table Table Salt, Grains of Rice, Carbon Dioxide, Sand, Toilet Paper, And an Amoeba
5. SLIDES 8, 9, 10, 11-
*Demonstrate HOW WASTEWATER IS CLEANED AND FILTERED BY EACH TYPE OF FILTER. (DEMONSTRATE WHICH SUBSTANCES ARE FILTERED OUT AND) (WHICH SUBSTANCES GO THROUGH THE FILTER)
6. On your FINAL SLIDE-
*Make this slide YOUR SUMMARY- USE WRITING TOOLS
***Respond to the following- WHAT IS THE MAIN IDEA OF THIS WASTEWATER STUDY?????WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT TO YOU AND OTHERS AROUND THE WORLD???
Nanofiltration Virus removal- Microbes are VIRUSES
Samples were concentrated by ultrafiltration and tested for the presence of hepatitis A virus, adenovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, norovirus and enteroviruses. All viruses, excluding the Enteroviruses were detected through biomolecular testing. Enteroviruses, were isolated on BGM cells and subsequently genotyped at the VP1 region
Bacteria- Giardia cysts, coli form
algae Chlorella and Scenedesmus quadricuda
Ions-
(removal of calcium and magnesium), removal of some
radionuclides (e.g. radium and barium) and removal of various other
contaminants (e.g. nitrate, arsenate, chromate, selenate and dissolved organic
carbon)