Category: World History

40. Middle Ages: time of European changes from about A.D. 500-1450.

41. Obey: to follow orders

42. Taxes: money paid to the government

43. Repair: fix

44. Merchants: people who buy, sell, and trade

45. Literature: written stories that are lasting

46. The past: time that is done, history

47. Dark Ages: hard years in Europe with no education or safety

48. developed: created, made

49. warrior: soldier, fighter

50. Charlemagne (shar la main): warrior who united all of Western Europe together

51. Pope: the head of the Roman Catholic Church

52. invaders: people who try to take over land

53. Vikings: sailors, invaders from North Europe

54. Explorers: travelers looking for new land

55. tribe: a group of people with similar customs

56. influence: power and effects on someone

57. Normans: tribe that ruled England and left new culture and languages

22. monk الراهب: A member of a religious order
23. religious order – النظام الديني: group of monks who work and live together
24. Cyrillic alphabet الأبجدية السيريلية: Slavic language invented by the monks
25. ceremony الاحتفال: a special event
26. isolated معزولة: alone
27. Eastern Orthodox الأرثوذكس الشرقية: official language of Russia in 989 A.D.
28. Kiev كييف: old capital of Russia; important trade city
29. prince الأمير: a male ruler (usually son of a king)
30. boyar بويار: A Russian noble who owned land.
31. Veche فيش: Russian assembly for adult men
32. unify توحيد: to bring together (unite)
33. Mongol المنغول: somebody from Mongolia
34. Moscow موسكو: the capital of Russia today
35. symbol الرمز: a sign to represent something
36. Kremlin الكرملين: the center of the Russian church and Russian government
37. palace القصر: a large beautiful building
38. czar (zar) سزار: Russian ruler; it means “Caesar”
39. terrible فظيعة: mean, awful, and cruel

Chapter 9.1 Vocab Terms

1. Byzantine Empire : eastern Roman empire in Middle Ages
2. Constantinople القسطنطينية: “New Rome”, capital of Byzantine Empire
3. capital city العاصمة: the most important government city in a country
4. chariot عربة :- two wheeled wagon pulled by a horse
5. repair يصلح: to fix
6. Slavs: a group of people who lived in Eastern Europe
7. church كنيسة: a place where Christians pray
8. relic أثر مقدس: an object from the past that had relates to God
9. holy مقدس: following God’s ways
10. saints القديسين: holy people, those who follow God’s ways
11. Justinian: a great Byzantine emperor
12. barbaric متوحش: not civilized; no government
13. tribe قبيلة: a group of people who live together
14. principle مبدأ: a main idea
15. legal system نظام قانوني: a set of laws
16. goods بضائع: things that are bought and sold
17. patriarch زعيم المسيحي: A leader of a church
18. icon رموز: small picture of a saint or Jesus
19. riot احتجاجات: violence in a crowd of people
20. Ottoman Empire الإمبراطورية العثمانية: modern day land of Turkey
21. decay فساد: to become worse

43. section جزء: part
44. religion دين : laws and ideas you believe in
45. divine إلهي: god-like
46. sacrifice تضحية: give up something
47. polytheistic: الإيمان بعدة آلهة believing in many gods
48. monotheistic الإيمان بالله الواحد: believing in one god
49. political freedom حرية سياسية: the freedom to choose your own government
50. prophet نبي: someone sent from God
51. messiah لمسيح: someone sent from God to save a group of people
52. Jew يهودي: a person who follows Judaism
53. Gospels (bible) إنجيل: Four books with stories of Jesus
54. carpenterنجار: a person who makes things from wood
55. enemyعدو: a person you hate and is against you
56. blind أعمى: someone who cannot see
57. miracle معجزة: something that happens that is unnatural
58. crucify صلب: to put someone on a cross
59. betray خدع: to turn against someone
60. disciple المتابع: followers of Jesus

https://quizlet.com/_5v602n

1. stretch تمتد: spread out

2. reign (rain) حكم : rule or governing

3. Age عصر: period or long time

4. customs عادات: traditions and culture

5. temple معبد: places where people pray to god

6. Theater مسرح: place where people watch plays

7. Aqueduct قناة : a bridge that carries water

8. eternal أبدي: something that stays forever

9. provinces محافظات: sections of land

10. taxes ضرائب: money given to the government

11. officials موظف دولة: government workers

12. military الجيش: army

13. treasury خزينة: government’s money

14. peace سلام: friendship

15. honest صادق: a person who does not lie

16. Pax Romana السلام الروماني: Roman peace

17. civilized متحضر: advanced and peaceful

18. trade تجارة: buy and sell things

Chapter 7 Vocab terms

61. fear خوف: afraid of
62. law القانون: a rule
63. assassinate يقتل في الحكومة: to kill someone in government
64. accurate صيح: correct

65.retire تقاعد: to be done with working

66. queen ملكة: a female ruler
67. emperor إمبراطورية: a person who rules an empire; a king
68. declare أعلن: to make official

49. Mare Nostrum: Roman name for “our sea”
50. territory: A large area of land
51. taxes: Money that people pay to support the the government
52. senator: Person that is a member of a senate
53. riot: A noisy and sometimes deadly uprising
54. reform: To make something better with change
55. challenge: To question if something is right or wrong; to invite someone to fight
56. politician: A government leader; someone who runs for office
57. Triumvirate: Rule by three people
58. victory: a win
59. Loyal: staying with something
60. civil war: A war within one state or nation

https://quizlet.com/_5nlmiu