The there will be a short 5 question quiz tomorrow on sections 8.1- 8.4 of Chapter 8- The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. Students will be able to use their class notes. The notes are as follows:

8.1 Introduction

• In 1922, archaeologists discovered the tomb of the pharaoh known as King Tutankhanten (too-tan-KAH-tin) or King Tut- found amazing treasures

8.2 Ancient Egypt and Its Rulers 

• Pharaoh- a ruler of Ancient Egypt
• Three periods- Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom
• Old Kingdom: (2700 BCE to 2200 B.C.E) Early pharaohs set up strong central governments and built great tombs for themselves- Age of the Pyramids
• Middle Kingdom: (2000-1800 B.C.E) Period of Reunification- great achievements in literature, arts and architecture
• New Kingdom: (1600 to 1100 B.C.E.) Egypt’s Golden Age- a time a peace and stability; Egypt’s power reached its height; pharaohs increased trade and had huge monuments built
• Religion played a major role in their social and political lives
• After they died, pharaohs were thought to enter an afterlife that would never end
• Many objects were buried with the pharaoh for use in the next world

8.3 Pharaoh Khufu- The Pyramid Builder 

• Ruled from about 2551-2528 B.C.E.- Old Kingdom period
• Described as a cruel and harsh ruler; others say powerful but kind
• Khufu helped establish the pharaoh as the central authority
• How? He kept tight control over Egypt’s food supply- oversaw the harvest and storage of extra grain
• Khufu controlled a large number of government officials who carried out his laws
• “I am a god!- how he established his supreme power
• Khufu was responsible for the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza- one of the wonders of the ancient world- 20 years to complete How???

8.4  Pharaoh Senusret I: Patron of the Arts 

• Ruled during the Middle Kingdom
• Strong leader who ruled a stable, unified Egypt
• Arts, literature and architecture flourished- great stories written
• Controlled mines filled with gold, copper and gems
• Senusret’s greatest accomplishments were in religious architecture
• Built the White Chapel- made of alabaster which is a white stone; may have been covered in gold
• Senusret wanted his memory to live on through his monuments
• The ankh was the symbol of eternal life