Category: World History

19. capital city العاصمة: the most important city and government city of a country
20. banks شاطئ النهر: the shore of a river
21. garden حديقة: a place to grow beautiful flowers
22. trade routes الطريق التجاري: a street that people trade on
23. control: to take over a place سيطر
24. link: connect ربط
25. trader: a person who sells things تاجر
26. artisan: a person who makes things using his hands الحرفيين
27. dynastyسلالة : a family of rulers
28. ruler حاكمة: a person who controls a country
29. Mesopotamia بلاد ما بين النهرين: the land between the Tigris and Euphrates
30. Tigris and Euphrates دجلة والفرات : two important rivers in Iraq
31. surplus إضافي: too much
32. shortage نقص: too little or not enough
33. blend خليط: a mix
34. cultureحضاره: the practices that people do each day
35. contagiousمعدي: spreads from person to person
36. improveتحسن: to make better

Please have WRITTEN and ready to learn when we return on February 26!

11.1 vocab…A new chapter means we start at #1!

1. nomads البدو: people who travel looking for food
2. oasis واحه: a fertile place in a desert
3. vision رؤية: message from God
4. angel ملاك: a person from the sky
5. polytheistic المؤمن بعدة آلهة: believing in more than one god
6. monotheistic توحيدي: believing in only one god
7. dangerousخطير: not safe or something that will hurt you
8. flee هرب: run away
9. journey رحلة: a long trip
10. surrender استسلام : give up
11. Populationعدد السكان: the number of people living in a place
12. calendar التقويم: the days, months and year
13. temple: a building where people pray
14. worship عبادة: pray
15. idolsاصنام : statues of people or gods
16. destroy يدمر: break and ruin
17. pillarsعمود: strong columns in a building
18. alms صدقة: giving money to the poor (zakat)

Last words for chapter 9! Be ready to test on them all at the end of next week. Practice and review!

40. Middle Ages العصور الوسطى: time of European changes from about A.D. 500-1450.
41. Obey طاعة: to follow orders
42. Taxes الضرائب: money paid to the government
43. Repair الإصلاح: fix
44. Merchants التجار: people who buy, sell, and trade
45. Literature الأدب: written stories that are lasting
46. The past الماضي: time that is done, history
47. Dark Ages العصور المظلمة: hard years in Europe with no education or safety
48. developed وضعت: created, made
49. warrior المحارب: soldier, fighter
50. Charlemagne (shar la main) شارلمان: warrior who united all of Western Europe together
51. Pope البابا: the head of the Roman Catholic Church
52. invaders الغزاة: people who try to take over land
53. Vikings الفايكنج: sailors, invaders from North Europe
54. Explorers المستكشفون: travelers looking for new land
55. tribe قبيلة: a group of people with similar customs
56. influence التأثير: power and effects on someone
57. Normans نورمان: tribe that ruled England and left new culture and languages

22. monk الراهب: A member of a religious order
23. religious order – النظام الديني: group of monks who work and live together
24. Cyrillic alphabet الأبجدية السيريلية: Slavic language invented by the monks
25. ceremony الاحتفال: a special event
26. isolated معزولة: alone
27. Eastern Orthodox الأرثوذكس الشرقية: official language of Russia in 989 A.D.
28. Kiev كييف: old capital of Russia; important trade city
29. prince الأمير: a male ruler (usually son of a king)
30. boyar بويار: A Russian noble who owned land.
31. Veche فيش: Russian assembly for adult men
32. unify توحيد: to bring together (unite)
33. Mongol المنغول: somebody from Mongolia
34. Moscow موسكو: the capital of Russia today
35. symbol الرمز: a sign to represent something
36. Kremlin الكرملين: the center of the Russian church and Russian government
37. palace القصر: a large beautiful building
38. czar (zar) سزار: Russian ruler; it means “Caesar”
39. terrible فظيعة: mean, awful, and cruel

22. الراهب
23 – النظام الديني
24. الأبجدية السيريلية
25 – الاحتفال
26 – معزولة
27 – الأرثوذكس الشرقية
28 – كييف
29. الأمير
30 – بويار
31 – فيش
32. توحيد
33 – المنغول
34 – موسكو
35- الرمز
36- الكرملين
37 – القصر
38 – سزار
39 – فظيعة

Here goes the beginning of Semester 2! Write/print them, study, practice!

Chapter 9 Vocab terms

1. Byzantine Empire: eastern Roman empire in Middle Ages

2. Constantine: “New Rome”, capital of Byzantine Empire

3. chariot: 2-wheeled wagon pulled by a horse

4. repair: to fix

5. Slavs: a group of people who lived in Eastern Europe

6. relic: an object from the past that had relates to God

7. holy: following God’s ways

8. saints: holy people, those who follow God’s ways

9. Justinian: a great Byzantine emperor

10. barbaric: not civilized; no government

11. principle: a main idea

12. legal system: a set of laws

13. goods: things that have been grown or made for sale

14. patriarch: A leader of a church

15. icon: small picture of a saint or Jesus

16. riot: violence in a crowd of people

17. Ottoman Empire: modern day land of Turkey

18. decay: rot, go bad

19. riot احتجاجات: violence in a crowd of people
20. Ottoman Empire الإمبراطورية العثمانية: modern day land of Turkey
21. decay فساد: to become worse

 

1. الإمبراطورية البيزنطية: الإمبراطورية الرومانية الشرقية في العصور الوسطى

2. قسطنطين: “روما الجديدة”، عاصمة الإمبراطورية البيزنطية

3. عربة: 2-ويلد عربة سحبها الحصان

4. إصلاح: لإصلاح

5. السلاف: مجموعة من الناس الذين يعيشون في أوروبا الشرقية

6. بقايا: كائن من الماضي الذي كان له علاقة الله

7. المقدسة: اتباع طرق الله

8. القديسين: الناس المقدسة، أولئك الذين يتبعون طرق الله

9. جوستنيان: الإمبراطور البيزنطي الكبير

10. البربرية: لا متحضرة. لا حكومة

11. المبدأ: فكرة رئيسية

12 – النظام القانوني: مجموعة من القوانين

13. البضائع: الأشياء التي تم زراعتها أو صنعها للبيع

14. البطريرك: قائد كنيسة

15. رمز: صورة صغيرة للقديس أو يسوع

16. أعمال الشغب: العنف في حشد من الناس

17. الإمبراطورية العثمانية: أرض تركيا الحديثة

18. الاضمحلال: تعفن، تذهب سيئة

8.3 Vocab words — last of this semester!!

43. section جزء: part
44. religion دين : laws and ideas you believe in
45. divine إلهي: god-like
46. sacrifice تضحية: give up something
47. polytheistic: الإيمان بعدة آلهة believing in many gods
48. monotheistic الإيمان بالله الواحد: believing in one god
49. political freedom حرية سياسية: the freedom to choose your own government
50. prophet نبي: someone sent from God
51. messiah لمسيح: someone sent from God to save a group of people
52. Jew يهودي: a person who follows Judaism
53. Gospels (bible) إنجيل: Four books with stories of Jesus
54. carpenterنجار: a person who makes things from wood
55. enemyعدو: a person you hate and is against you
56. blind أعمى: someone who cannot see
57. miracle معجزة: something that happens that is unnatural
58. crucify صلب: to put someone on a cross
59. betray خدع: to turn against someone
60. disciple المتابع: followers of Jesus

Hi everyone! Please have these written and ready to go by January 8! Happy holidays!

19. serve تخدم: to work for someone

20. accept يقبل: to say yes or agree

21. refuse رفض : to say no or disagree

22. murder قتل: kill

23. natural طبيعي: something that happens by itself

24. popular محبوب: liked by people

25. insane مجنون: crazy

26. foolish أحمق : stupid

27. guards حراس: people who are supposed to protect you

28. adopted: when your parents are not your birth parents

29. debate مناقشة: a discussion between people

30. ruler حاكم: a person who rules an empire

31. destroy هدم: break and ruin

32. poison سم: a liquid that kills people

33. entertainment تسلية: to make someone laugh

34. defend دفاع: to protect a country

35. territory منطقة : land for a country

36. border حدود: the edges of a country

37. invaders الغزاة: people who invade or take over a country

38. decline تراجع : to become weak

39. several العديد : many

40. plague طاعون : a disease that spreads from person to person and causes people to die

41. soldiers جنود: people who protect the country and work in the army

42. tribe قبيلة: a group of people who live together and share customs

New chapter with new words!

1. stretch تمتد: spread out

2. reign (rain) حكم : rule or governing

3. Age عصر: period or long time

4. customs عادات: traditions and culture

5. temple معبد: places where people pray to god

6. Theater مسرح: place where people watch plays

7. Aqueduct قناة : a bridge that carries water

8. eternal أبدي: something that stays forever

9. provinces محافظات: sections of land

10. taxes ضرائب: money given to the government

11. officials موظف دولة: government workers

12. military الجيش: army

13. treasury خزينة: government’s money

14. peace سلام: friendship

15. honest صادق: a person who does not lie

16. Pax Romana السلام الروماني: Roman peace

17. civilized متحضر: advanced and peaceful

18. trade تجارة: buy and sell things

Here are the questions we will answer while watching the movie “Gladiator”. Watch and listen closely.

1. When and where does this movie take place?

2. Who does the Roman emperor choose to

take over for him? Why do you think he chose this person?

3. How did Commodus respond?

4. 2 words to describe Maximus so far are ______ and ________.

5. What happens to Maximus after he finds his family?

6. What do the Romans seem to think about their new emperor?

7. What is Maximus trying to achieve by fighting as a gladiator?

8. Juba tells Maximus “not yet.” What does he mean by this?

HOMEWORK:

9. Predict what happens next with Maximus, Commodus, Lucilla, and Proximo.

How will the movie end?