Category: World History

48. slave: a person that is owned by another person
49. labor: work
50. captured: to take
51. debt: when you owe someone money
52. overwork: working too much
53. century: 100 years
54. slave trading center: a place where slaves were bought and sold
55. rights: things you are allowed to do
56. cruel: very mean and unfair
57. whip: to hit with a long stick
58. expand: to get bigger and stretch out
59. rebel: to go against your leader or government
60. abolish: to stop or cancel
61. successful: achieving your goal or mission

29. conquistador: Spanish conqueror

30. convert: change a person’s religion

31. missionary: a person who changes other people’s religion

32. legend: an old story that is not true

33. tribes: a group of people who live together قبائل

34. allies: friends حلفاء

35. negotiate: to discuss things with another person مفاوضات

36. natural resources: things that are found in natureالطبيعية  الموارد

37. surrendered: gave up

38. New Spain: the land that was for the Aztecs and Incas

39. viceroy: official (government worker)

40. descendant: people who are from your family السليل

41. settlement: living in one area مستوطنة

42. miner: a person who mines عامل منجم

43. mine: a place in the ground where miners find natural resources منجم

44. cruel: very mean and unfair

45. plantations: very large farms

46. encomienda: forcing the Native Americans to work as slaves for the Spanish

47. province: a piece of land محافظة

15. tip: end of a piece of land طرف

16. Finance: give money to do something

17. strange: weird; not normal غريب

18. Profit: money that is left after you trade

19. cargo: the goods on a plane, ship,train, truck حمولة

20. strait: a river that connects two bodies of water

21. rebel: to go against the leader تمرد

22. native: the first people to be born in a place السكان الاصليين

23. expedition: a long journey

24. prove: to show that something is true يثبت

25. Fleet: A group of ships

26. destination: the final place you are going

27. mission: goal

28. obstacle: difficulty; something that stands in your way

World History Chapter 17 Vocab

1. carry: to hold something حمل
2. overland: on the land بري
3. journey: a long trip رحلة
4. goods: things that are bought and sold بضائع
5. wealthy: rich ثري
6. search: look for or find بحث
7. city-state: a large Italian city الدولة المدينة
8. Establish: create ; make تأسيس
9. navigation: finding directions
10. explore: discover a new place إستكشاف
11. sail: travel by water يبحر
12. voyage: a journey or trip by water رحلة بحرية
13. coast: the land next to the sea or ocean شاطئ ; ساحل
14. improve: to make something better تحسن

53. Surplus: having more than you need.

54. Shortage: having less than you need.

55. disappear: not there anymore

56. civilization: a city with people and a government

57. archaeologist: a scientist who digs in the earth

58. isthmus: a small piece of land that connects to larger pieces

59. Hieroglyphics: signs and symbols used by ancient civilizations.

60. Calendar: A system of days and months that create a year.

61. priest: a religious man

62. invent: to make something for the first time

63. peasants: poor farmers

64. swamps: wet areas of land مستنقع

65. abandon: to leave something behind

66. merchants: traders

67. property: something you own ممتلكات

68. Stories: levels

69. pyramid: a large triangle shaped temple

70. huge: very very big

71. enormous: very very very big

72. settle: to stay in one place

73. valley: flat land between the mountains

74. palace: a large house for a ruler

75. terrace: flat land built into the mountain for farming

76. fort: a large building used to save food and weapons

37. Crusaders: men who spread Christianity by war

38. Capture: take over and control قبض على

39. Empire: a large country and its colonies إمبراطورية

40. Developed: grew

41. Center: in the middle of an area مركز

42. Trade: buying and selling goods تجارة

43. routes: a street that takes you to a place طرق التجارة

44. control: to have power on someone or something سيطر عليه

45. region: place (NOT RELIGION; BE careful)

46. caravan: a group of traders and camels قافلة

47. gold: a very expensive metal ذهب

48. taxes: money that is given to the government ضريبة

49. tribute: taxes (synonyms)

50. Treasury: the government’s money المالية

51. Infidel: a person who does not believe in the same religion as others كافر

52. Conquer: Invade or Attack.

Islamic Civilization

19. capital city العاصمة: the most important city and government city of a country
20. banks شاطئ النهر: the shore of a river
21. garden حديقة: a place to grow beautiful flowers
22. trade routes الطريق التجاري: a street that people trade on
23. control: to take over a place سيطر
24. link: connect ربط
25. trader: a person who sells things تاجر
26. artisan: a person who makes things using his hands الحرفيين
27. dynastyسلالة : a family of rulers
28. ruler حاكمة: a person who controls a country
29. Mesopotamia بلاد ما بين النهرين: the land between the Tigris and Euphrates
30. Tigris and Euphrates دجلة والفرات : two important rivers in Iraq
31. surplus إضافي: too much
32. shortage نقص: too little or not enough
33. blend خليط: a mix
34. cultureحضاره: the practices that people do each day
35. contagiousمعدي: spreads from person to person
36. improveتحسن: to make better

11.1 Vocab: The Rise of Islam

1. nomads البدو: people who travel looking for food
2. oasis واحه: a fertile place in a desert
3. vision رؤية: message from God
4. angel ملاك: a person from the sky
5. polytheistic المؤمن بعدة آلهة: believing in more than one god
6. monotheistic توحيدي: believing in only one god
7. dangerousخطير: not safe or something that will hurt you
8. flee هرب: run away
9. journey رحلة: a long trip
10. surrender استسلام : give up
11. Populationعدد السكان: the number of people living in a place
12. calendar التقويم: the days, months and year
13. temple صدغ: a building where people pray
14. worship عبادة: pray
15. idolsاصنام : statues of people or gods
16. destroy يدمر: break and ruin
17. pillarsعمود: strong columns in a building
18. alms صدقة: giving money to the poor (zakat)