Chapter 12 Guided Tour

1. Page 413- Based on the Economic inset, what two groups are competing throughout history?
2. Page 414- What are the names of the two subjects of this painting?
3. Page 415- How many Klansmen marched on DC in 1925?
4. Page 416- Approximately how many Italians came to the US in 1921?
5. Page 419- Who was president in 1923?
6. Page 420- What is this person using to wallpaper his house?
7. Page 421- What is the significance of the teapot being shaped like an elephant?
8. Page 422- How much did a luxurious Model A cost? How much was a Model T?
9. Page 423- How many miles of Route 66 were in Oklahoma?
10. Page 424- What sex were all flight attendants in the 1920’s? What race?
11. Page 425- How much did a vacuum cleaner cost in 1928?
12. Page 426- What does the woman dancing symbolize? Who is the man playing the sax?
13. Page 427- In 1925, how many millions of car registrations were there?

Book link to Chapter 12: https://icomets.org/ush-textbook/ch12.pdf

Chapter 13 Guided Tour

1. Page 435- What symbol is the focal point of this piece of art?
2. Page 436- Where is the young lady hiding alcohol? How does that lead to a nickname?
3. Page 437- What nickname did Capone like to go by?
4. Page 439- What trial does this cartoon symbolize the end of?
5. Page 441- What is the nickname for women who lived the “Jazz Lifestyle” in the 1920’s?
6. Page 442- What percentage of women were “Professionals” in 1920?
7. Page 447- What new invention made life more entertaining in the 1920’s?
8. Page 448- What did Andrew Forester start?
9. Page 449- Who is the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic?
10. Page 454- What is the leader of Universal Negro Improvement Association’s name?
11. Page 455- What is the name of the club in Harlem in the second inset?
12. Page 459- What is the name of the writer who wrote “Dream Variations.”

Book link to Chapter 13: https://icomets.org/ush-textbook/ch13.pdf

Here is some help and things to think about for the short answer questions.

19) The Treaty of Versailles

1. Creates 9 new nations (including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) and shifts boundaries of others, British, French mandates
2. Places various conditions on Germany:
   • must admit guilt —War guilt clause
   • disarmed and cannot have an army
   • pay reparations, or war damages —$33 billion
3. The Treaty‘s Weaknesses
   1. War-guilt clause —Germany must accept sole responsibility for war
   2. Germany cannot pay $33 billion in reparations that Allies want
4. Strong opposition to treaty in U.S.
   1. Many politicians did not like that Wilson negotiated treaty without consulting Congress
   2. League of Nations- Some think League threatens U.S. foreign policy of isolation

 

20) Trench Warfare Begins- In WWI it was not long before both sides realized that traditional warfare would not win this war

• Armies equipped with new weapons
  1. tanks, machine guns, poison gas, new artillery, submarines, planes
     1. Machine Guns- These weapons were first used in the American Civil War to devastating effect
     2. But with World War One their effectiveness reached frightening new levels
     3. Firing up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent of 250 men with rifles), Machine Guns were then deemed to be weapons of mass destruction

1. Planes
   1. They had everything from mini scout planes to huge blimp like bombers called Zeppelins
   2. Air warfare was not seen as important as any other type so it did not have its own category
      1. Initial airplanes flimsy and just used for scouting
      2. Initial dogfights —individual air combats involved pilots shooting pistols
      3. Was not until mounted machine guns powered by the propeller belt (interrupter gear) that plains became a lethal devices

2. Tanks- were used to used to ―mow down‖ barbed wire and soldier

1. Based on the caterpillar track (first invented in 1770 and perfected in the early 1900s), early tanks were fitted with:
   1. maxim type guns or Lewis guns
   2. amour plating
   3. their caterpillar tracks were configured to allow crossing of an eight- foot wide trench.
   4. Although these beasts were powerful, they were not so reliable and most broke

2.  Gas

1. These were highly toxic, and very effective weapons
2. Chlorine gas, killed thousands

• Mustard gas —this burned the lungs of the inhaler leaving them to die in agony.

• Trench Layout- To protect themselves from the constant barrage of automatic gunfire and heavy -duty artillery, each side dug a series of trenches that extended for over 475 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea
  1. The rival trenches were typically about 250 yards apart, although in some places the trenches were so close that a soldier could practically touch his enemy in the opposing trench.
     1. The space between the trenches was referred to as ―no man‘s land
     2. No man‘s land was typically gutted by bombs, crossed by tons of barbed wire, and dotted with land mines

• Trench warfare consisted of long artillery bombardments followed by charges from infantrymen across no man‘s land toward enemy lines

 

21) Americans Question Neutrality

• Divided Loyalties
  1. Naturalized citizens concerned about effects on country of birth
  2. Many feel ties to British ancestry, language, democracy, and legal system
  3. S. has stronger economic ties with Allies than with Central Powers
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare— sinking ships without warning rather than stopping them, searching them and if weapons found—allowing passengers to get into life boats prior to sinking
  1. Sinking of the Lusitania- boat sunk British liner Lusitania; 128 Americans among the dead
     1. Germany defended the sinking
     2. Germany claimed Lusitania contained armaments for
  2. Public opinion turns against Germany
     1. New York Times called the Germans ―savages drunk with blood
     2. President Wilson protests, but Germany continues to sink ships

• Zimmerman Note- Proposals for a German alliance with Mexico, suggesting the Mexican government should make common cause with Germany, try to persuade the Japanese government to join the new alliance, and attack the US
  1. Germany, for its part, would promise financial assistance and the restoration of former territories of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico
• American Isolationism- Many politicians did not like that Wilson negotiated treaty without consulting Congress
  1. League of Nations
     1. Some think League threatens U.S. foreign policy of isolation
     2. The treaty committed the US to war in defense of League members

• US Senate rejects the treaty

1. US. and Germany sign separate treaty
2. US. never joins the league of Nations

Section 4: Wilson Fights for Peace- page 398

1.What was the diplomatic philosophy that President Wilson brought to the Paris Peace Conference?

2.Identify the men who made up the “Big Four” at the Peace Conference.

3.What were the main provisions of the Versailles Treaty?  What were its main weaknesses?

4.Create a CHART which summarizes the arguments for and against the creation of the League of Nations.

5.Why was there so much opposition to the League of Nations in the U. S.?

6.List the major domestic consequences of World War I.

7.How did the Versailles Treaty create as many problems as it solved?  How did it lay the groundwork for World War II?

Here is a link to Chapter 11:  https://icomets.org/ush-textbook/ch11.pdf

Section 3: The War at Home- Page 388

1. What were the goals of the War Industries Board (WIB)?  What effects did it have on the U. S. economy during the war?
2. Identify the major government boards and what their responsibilities were in the U. S. war effort.
3. Explain the roles of the Committee on Public Information during World War I.  What methods did it use to popularize the war?
4. How were the things German perceived by Americans during World War I?
5. Identify the penalties for violating the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1917-1918.  List several examples of such penalties.
6. Who were the major targets of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1917-1918?
7. How did African Americans differ in their views about World War I?
8. What were the causes of the Great Migration?
9. Why did race riots break out in some northern cities during and immediately after World War I?
10. What role did women play on the home front during World War I?
11. How did the great global flu epidemic of 1918 contribute to the ending of the war?

Section 2: American Power Tips the Balance- Starts on P. 381

1. How did the U. S. raise an army in World War I?  What was the typical demographic profile of a U. S. soldier?
2. What role did women play in the military during World War I?
3. How were African Americans treated in the military?
4. What steps did the U. S. government take to build a naval fleet quickly?
5. Make a LIST of some of the new weapons used in World War I.  Why do you think that this was sometimes referred to as “The War of the Industrial Revolution?”
6. How did the tank and the airplane change modern warfare?
7. Why did the Germans ultimately lose the war?
8. How might the events of World War I have been different if the U. S. had not entered in 1917?
9. What was the emotional impact on the lives of ordinary Dough Boys from their experiences in Europe?

This should help to create your responses to the short answer questions.

Question 19:

1. Imperialism: a policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories
   • Why was imperialism so important?
     • Desire for military power and prestige
     • The U.S. needed to est. its military presence like the rest of the world
     • Admiral Alfred T. Mahan of the U.S. Navy urged the gov’t to build up its military strength
       1. Hawaii= Naval base at Pearl Harbor
       2. Build Panama Canal= Get naval ships around the world faster
2. Open new markets for trade
   • Technology allowed farmers and factories to create more supply than demand
     • China= Open door notes/ policy= Free trade with China controlled by US
     • Need for sugar from Cuba or Hawaii
3. Belief in cultural superiority
   • Manifest destiny: it was the destiny (God given right) of the U.S. to expand its territory
   • Philippines– spread culture and Democracy to the uneducated

Question 20:

1. Ruling Puerto Rico
   • US policy in Puerto Rico
     • General Nelson A. Miles and the military controlled Puerto Rico
     • “…bestow upon you (Puerto Ricans) the immunities and blessings of the liberal institutions of our (United States) government.”
     • Foraker Act-1900 (same as Philippines Gov’t Act): called for governor & upper house to be appointed by the US, and lower house to be elected by Puerto Ricans. Made Puerto Ricans American citizens and gave them the right to create their own government (approved by the US)
     • Supreme Court ruled the Constitution doesn’t automatically apply to people in acquired territories
2. Cuba and the United States
   • Platt Amendment (ratified in 1903): U.S. would pull American troops out if the following was added to Cuba’s Constitution
     • Limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties with other countries
     • U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs as it saw necessary (ended 1934)
     • Cuba couldn’t acquire more debt than it can repay
     • Required Cuba to sell or lease land to the S. for naval and/or fueling station (Guantanamo Bay)

• Made Cuba an American protectorate:  U.S. will protect Cuba from      other nations & reserved the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

3. Philippines

• America spread their culture to the Philippine Islands; bring education & culture to the uneducated
• Emilio Aguinaldo and many rebels starting fighting against the imperialistic American forces in 1899

Question 21:

1. President Woodrow Wilson, Taft’s successor believed in missionary diplomacy: pressure and only recognize gov’ts that that promote and utilize democratic gov’ts
   • Wilson’s philosophy would be tested during the Mexican Revolution
2. Wilson’s Challenges in the Mexican Revolution
   • Mexico’s president Porfirio Diaz helped S. investors take control of Mexico’s economy
     • Diaz and wealthy landowners controlled Mexico’s oil, mines, railroads, ranches, and profits
     • U.S. owned ¾ of Mexican mining
   • Angry peasants and struggling urban workers rebelled
   • Venustiano Carranza, a nationalist leader, assumed the presidency in 1915
     • US recognized his gov’t, because he would respect foreign lives & property
   • Pancho Villa opposed Carranza’a gov’t and felt betrayed by the U.S. (Villa often worked with the U.S.)
   • Wilson sent 15,000 U.S. troops into Mexico to get Villa dead or alive (General John J. Pershing led forces)

Chapter 10 Vocabulary Crosswords

1. Imperialism
2. Yellow Journalism
3. Pearl Harbor
4. Rough Riders
5. Foraker Act
6. Platt Amendment
7. Protectorate
8. Open Door Notes
9. Roosevelt Corollary
10. Panama Canal

Here is a link to the online book: https://icomets.org/ush-textbook/ch10.pdf

Chapter 9- Study Guide Booklet

1.Fold 4 pieces of paper in half and staple at the fold to create a booklet

2.(Page 1) On the cover put your name and Chapter 9: the Progressive era

3.(Page 2) Create a multi-flow map with the progressive era in the middle and the 4 reforms in each box.

4.(Page 3) Explain what protecting social Welfare means and list 2 examples (names of people and what they did) of this happening during the progressive era.

5.(Page 4) Explain what promoting moral improvement is and identify 2 examples (names of people and what they did) of this happening During the progressive era.

6.(Page 5) Explain how economic reforms happened during the progressive era and identify 2 examples (names of people and what they did)

7.(Page 6) Explain what fostering efficiency was and identify 2 examples (think about Henry Ford and scientific management)

8.(Page 7) Evaluate how women’s lives changed during the progressive era, identify the process women went through to gain suffrage, and explain the importance of Susan B Anthony

9.(Page 8) Identify and explain the limits of the progressive era

The following terms might be on your chapter 9 test on Friday 9/29.

Chapter 9 Vocabulary:

1. Progressive Movement
2. Prohibition
3. Suffrage
4. Muckrakers
5. Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
6. Square Deal
7. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
8. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
9. Federal Reserve System
10. The Nineteenth Amendment
11. Muller v. Oregon
12. Ford’s Employee Program
13. Child Labor
14. Initiative
15. Referendum
16. Recall

 

Chapter 9 Big Learning- Section 1

Goals of Progressiveism           pg. 307

Prohibition – W.C.T.U.           pg. 307

Muckrakers                             pg. 308

Ford’s Employee Program      pg. 309

Child Labor                             pg. 310

Initiative, Referendum, Recall pg. 312

17^th Amendment                     pg. 312