Keep Kids Healthy and in School

Keep Kids Healthy and in School

Too many sick days? Teach your kids these 6 ways to fight germs, and be sure to follow 6 additional keep-healthy tips yourself.

by Patti Ghezzi


Everyone agrees kids need to be in school so they can learn. But illnesses such as cold and flu can derail good intentions. Although there is no way to completely avoid catching a cold, there are steps parents can take to minimize the chances of contracting an illness.

Laura Burnworth, a certified health education specialist, and Kimberly Parker, a certified clinical nurse leader, work in the Child Health Promotion department at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. They educate families on how to keep kids healthy and safe as possible in their homes and schools.

Almost 22 million school days are lost each year because of the common cold, Burnworth says. That doesn’t take into account the flu or other illnesses. Adds Parker, “There are numerous viruses and germs floating around. We’re going to be exposed. Chances are all of us are going to get sick. We want to prevent and lessen the impact as much as possible.”

Here are some of the pair’s tips for keeping kids healthy year-round.

Teach your child to follow these 6 tips:


Wash hands with soap and water.
 Warm water is best, but cold water is fine. In most places, liquid soap or foam soap is best. Bar soap is OK for the bath and shower. Antibacterial soap isn’t necessary. Unless your child has sensitive skin, you can let her select a fun, scented soap. If your child does have sensitive skin, find a cheerful soap dispenser to make hand-washing more fun.

Use proper hand-washing technique. Your child should wash his hands often: before eating, after using the restroom, after sneezing, and after playing outside. Teach your child to scrub well between his fingers and wash for at least 20 seconds, which is enough time to sing the “Happy Birthday” song twice.

Use hand sanitizer when soap and water aren’t available. Read labels to find hand sanitizer that is at least 60 percent alcohol. It’s the alcohol that kills germs. Products labeled “antimicrobial” or “antibacterial” are not recommended because of concerns about germs becoming resistant.

Cough and sneeze into a sleeve. It’s tempting to cover your mouth with your hands, but an elbow or upper arm is a much better way to prevent the spreading of germs. If you teach your kids this habit at a young age, it will become second nature.

Use tissues only once before tossing. Carrying around the same wadded-up tissue all day is not the way to keep germs from spreading. Use a tissue once, throw it away, then wash your hands.

Resist the temptation to share a water bottle with a friend. Kids think nothing of drinking out of the same water bottle or cup or eating with the same fork. Explain to your children why it’s important not to do so.

In addition to modeling healthy habits, parents should follow these 6 tips:


Get everyone in the family vaccinated.
 The flu vaccine is developed each year in anticipation of the viruses that will be prevalent that season. “There is no one cold or flu virus,” Burnworth says. “There are a lot of different types with similar symptoms.” Even if you build up an immunity to one virus because your whole family gets sick, you are not immune to other viruses or strains. Therefore, it’s important to get everyone in your family who is older than 6 months of age vaccinated every year. Make it a family outing and go out for a treat afterward.

Make sure everyone eats a healthy diet. A healthy, well-balanced diet builds a healthy immune system. No matter how busy your family is, make time to eat a varied diet that includes foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and iron. Keep everyone hydrated by making sure water is always accessible.

Make sure everyone gets a good night’s sleep. A good night’s rest gives your body and immune system a chance to recuperate after a long day. This can be an especially challenging task with middle and high schoolers. Despite their insistence otherwise, everyone needs sleep.

Disinfect high-traffic areas. Use a diluted bleach solution or products with antiviral agents to kill germs on tables, toys, handrails, and other frequently touched surfaces.

Discuss supplements, vitamins, and herbal remedies with the pediatrician. A lot of products promise to help prevent colds and make the colds you get less severe. Check with your pediatrician for advice on any product, especially those not regulated or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Help your child’s teacher keep the classroom healthy. Teachers appreciate tissues, hand sanitizer, wipes, and other tools to keep the classroom environment as healthy as possible. Parents can also volunteer in the classroom, wiping down surfaces while students are at lunch or on the playground and supervising kids in the restroom to make sure they wash their hands properly.

It can be frustrating when you take steps to minimize the spread of germs, and still your child gets sick. And soon the whole family is, too. But don’t think the prevention techniques don’t work—they do. Although there’s no way to keep 100 percent of germs from infecting your child, healthy habits give students the best chance to stay well and in school.

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What’s Your Parenting Style?

Experts have identified four basic styles: authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and hands-off. Whatever your approach, here’s how to make the most of your parenting style.

As a parent, your approach to your child is as unique as you are. You can’t just wake up one day and be a different person because you read a book or watched a devilishly effective mother on the playground. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade. It’s who you are, what your family culture is, and how you transmit the most personal aspects of your values to your child.

But here are the facts: nearly 50 years of research have found that some parenting styles are more effective than others and show far better outcomes for children. Studies have identified four major parenting styles: permissive, authoritarian, authoritative, and hands-off. Of these styles, child development experts have found that the authoritative parenting style is the most successful in raising children who are both academically strong and emotionally stable. But the truth is, most parents don’t fall conveniently into this or any other single type; instead, we tend to be a combination of several parenting styles. The trick is to be flexible enough so that you make adjustments to your basic type — adapting your parenting style by adopting some best practices from other styles.

Check out the following four types and to see how you can make the most of your parenting style to help your child thrive in school and in life.

Permissive parenting style

While shopping, your 7-year-old son begs for a special cookie (even though he’s already had his share of treats that day). You say:

A. “Not a chance. You should know better than to ask me for one right before we have dinner.”

B. “OK, you’ve been such a good boy, you deserve a cookie.” He seems to have his heart set and, after all, it’s only one cookie.

C.“No, you’ve already had plenty of treats – pick something healthy instead.”

D. “Don’t nag me. What I spend my money on is up to me.”

Are you frequently the parent who picks B? You’re not alone. Permissive parenting is common in this day of busy schedules, harried two-worker families, and a feeling that we just don’t get enough quality time with our kids. We love them to death! Why must we say, “No” all the blooming time?

Unfortunately, indulging our children’s every wish can have unfortunate consequences both for the child and the parent. Children can end up feeling entitled to getting what they want, not what they need: the self-restraint, patience, and other character traits that will help them succeed in life. Parents who give in to the short-term battles about the extra toy or the chore that never gets done face bigger battles down the road when the child is used to running the show: fudging on homework, back talking parents, or simply not behaving responsibly.

Here’s the ticket: your love. Permissive parents are deeply in touch with their overwhelming affection for their children, which is no small thing. The problem? Sometimes these parents aren’t thinking about the long-term consequences of their parenting choices. So don’t dismiss your desire to make your child happy. Instead, consider their long-term happiness a little more.

When you find yourself in a permissive parenting conundrum, ask yourself, “What will make my child happy tomorrow, or next week, or in ten years?” The answer may make you seem a little stricter in the moment, but you’ll know that you’re acting from your deepest impulse, your love for your child.

Hands-off parenting style

You and your daughter have been doing errands all Sunday and you both come home tired and cranky. Your daughter has homework and she announces she needs lots of help, despite your throbbing headache. You say:

A. “I will help you, but get started on it on your own and do what you can.”

B. “It’s not my homework. You have to do it on your own. And make sure you do a good job or there will be punishments.”

C. “Why don’t I do your homework with you?”

D. “I have such a headache. Please do it on your own or just skip it tonight. After all, it’s been a long day and I know how tired you are.”

Have you ever been the parent who chooses D? Hands-off or uninvolved parenting emphasizes learning through experience: you don’t shelter your children from the lessons that naturally happen from their mistakes. But it’s hard knowing when to let our children make their own mistakes. In times of our own stress or discomfort, it’s definitely tempting to tell your children you’ve had enough and they are on their own.

The problem with this approach is that if it comes because of your mood, not your child’s needs, it can undermine her own motivation to, say, do well in school. You could argue that by not helping, you’re helping your child be more independent. But suggesting she skip her homework when she really needs help is not the time to teach autonomy.

Your strength: you know that you’re raising an adult, not a child. The hands-off parent keeps the greater philosophical facts – every person must learn to take care of herself – in mind. But sometimes it’s easy for the hands-off parent to forget how long it takes to learn these obvious lessons. The next time you’re tempted to slough off a demand from your child on key issues around school or responsibility, recall that your child, while perhaps acting whiney and overly dependent, is asking for guidance. You don’t have to give in or be indulgent – but help them build a bridge to independence by breaking the problem down into smaller steps that they can do on their own.

Authoritarian parenting style

Your teenage children have been asking to go to a party at the home of a kid you’d rather they not socialize with. After telling them you don’t want them to go, they launch a full assault with tears and arguments that all their friends are going and that you’re the strictest parent in the whole world. In response you:

A. say, “OK, fine, you can go. But don’t expect me to help you get there. You have to find your own ride.”

B. ground them for talking back to you and questioning your judgment.

C. say, “I want to sit down and talk to hear your concerns, but I’m not going to change my mind as long as I feel the party won’t be a safe place.”

D. realize they have a point – they should be able to go to a party all their friends are attending. You even offer to take them to the party, but because you’re concerned about safety, you wait in a nearby café and pick them up at the end of the night.

Are you the parent that might choose B? No doubt, authoritarian parents do not accept the notion that the home is a democracy with the loudest voices winning. Old-fashioned rules help your children understand where they stand, what they are allowed to do, and what is expected of them. Unlike permissive parents who always want to be liked, authoritarian parents expect to be respected.

The hitch is that strict, rule-based parenting can erode the affection and communication that makes children and parents stay connected emotionally. When children are very young, the strictly run household can look quite orderly and admirable, but as children grow into teens, experimenting with independence, they may be so afraid of their parents’ censure that they become secretive. Authoritarian parents can also raise children who never learn to speak up or think for themselves – two indispensable skills in the work world.

How to make the most of authoritarian parenting? By all means, value your clarity, your high expectations, and your tough love. Then recall that your child may not know your strictness comes from love unless you make that abundantly and continually clear. In other words, you can show love without spoiling your children. This duality encapsulates the complexity of parenting: no one ever said it was simple.

Authoritative parenting style

On a rainy day, your 11-year-old son begs not to go to his track meet because it’s rainy and he really really really really doesn’t want to go. On the one hand, it’s not schoolwork. On the other hand, you’ve noticed that lately your son is spending more time “hanging out,” not really using his time well, saying he’s too sick for school when you don’t agree, and basically avoiding anything that requires uncomfortable effort. In response, you:

A. say, “It’s up to you what you choose to do. Besides, it’s only track — it’s OK if once in awhile you miss it.”

B. Offer to pick him up early from school and take him out for ice cream since you know he’s been tired out lately and needs a break.

C. say, “I understand you don’t want to go and I know that feeling of not doing something you don’t want to, but that’s precisely why I want you to go. Sometimes we have an urge to avoid tough stuff, but it’s important to do things even when they’re hard.”

D. say, “You have to go. No ifs, ands, or buts – conversation over.”

Are you the type of parent who will take the uncomfortable path to C?

Congratulations! Authoritative parents have been found to have the most effective parenting style in all sorts of ways: academic, social emotional, and behavioral. Like authoritarian parents, the authoritative parents expect a lot from their children, but also they expect even more from their own behavior. They are willing to say, “No,” or lay down the line, but they are careful to remain calm, kind, and patient about empathizing with the child’s perspective.

It’s not easy to toe the authoritative line – it takes energy and time and sometimes herculean self-control. But there are great benefits to raising children who know you have high expectations and who maintain close emotional ties to you because there’s always been a strong bond of trust.

If you aspire towards authoritative parenting, keep up the great work, but on occasion give yourself a break. Remember that no one is perfect and parenting is a process without a roadmap – don’t beat yourself up if you get lost once in a while. As we all know, getting a bit lost, then finding your way, is part of the journey.

8 Ways To Help Students Make New Year’s Resolutions

8 Ways to Help Kids Make New Year’s Resolutions

New Year’s resolutions aren’t just for adults! Here are simple and practical ways to help your growing kids make New Year’s resolutions.

By Wendy Schuman

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VeerNew Year’s Day is the traditional time to celebrate a new beginning, and kids ages 7-12 are at the ideal stage to learn to make resolutions, experts say. “They’re still young enough that their habits are not firm,” says Christine Carter, Ph.D., author of Raising Happiness: 10 Simple Steps for More Joyful Kids and Happier Parents, and a teacher for an online class on helping kids develop happiness habits. “They’re old enough to think about what a New Year’s resolution is and to make their own — yet parents can still help guide them. They’re not going to get the same backlash as from a teenager.”

Jennifer Kolari, a parent and child therapist and author of Connected Parenting, says, “They’re beginning to be mindful and to understand others’ perspectives. They’re doing more independently, and they’re starting to open up to broader goals of how to become their best selves.”

Making resolutions with your children can be fun and exciting, a time for growth and change, and an opportunity for family bonding. Read our eight tips on how to make New Year’s resolutions a positive experience for kids and to help them keep in touch with their goals all year long.

Be Resolution Role Models

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As parents, it’s important to practice what you preach. “Do you believe in, make, and keep resolutions?” asks Robin Goodman, Ph.D., a clinical psychologist and art therapist who has written books on children and stress. “You have to walk the walk and talk the talk to be most effective.”

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Bring your own resolutions to the kitchen table. “This is a great thing to do as a whole family,” Kolari says. “That’s how we do it with our three children. Kids look to you to learn how to approach this task.”

Each year on December 31, Vicky and Paul Dionne of Morristown, New Jersey, sit down with their two children, Christopher and Elyssa, and toast the New Year with glasses of sparkling cider. While they’re celebrating together, they talk about their New Year’s resolutions. Vicky might say, “Daddy and I have our resolutions that we’re working hard to keep. We make healthy food choices — we may want that big piece of chocolate cake, but we’re not going to have it.” Healthy eating is important to Paul, who is a dentist. So is instilling a sense of responsibility. “We talk about being responsible and doing well in our jobs,” he says, “and school is their job.”

“If what you want is for your kids to be out the door earlier, you need to work on yourself,” Dr. Carter says. “I saw that when I was consistently ready at the time I wanted to leave; it was possible to ask my kids to make changes. Let’s not ask them to do more than we are willing to do.”

Keep a Positive Approach to Resolutions

Stephanie Rausser

There’s a celebratory feeling to setting goals on New Year’s that doesn’t exist at other times of the year. “It’s about happiness!” says Meg Cox, author of The Book of New Family Traditions: How to Create Great Rituals for Holidays and Everyday. “Present it optimistically: Every day’s a new day, and you have a chance to reinvent yourself. A lot comes from your tone. If you’re putting it in a punishing, preachy way, they’ll be turned off.”

Start by going over the positive things your kids accomplished last year. “Instead of pointing out shortcomings, be the historian of their previous successes,” Dr. Carter says. “Point to the bright spot where they’re doing something well.”

Have them think of things they can do now that they couldn’t do last year. Say your 10-year-old taught himself to play a difficult song on the piano. Did that success come about because he pushed himself a little harder? Remind him how far that little bit of extra effort took him. Ask your child, “How can you transfer your success on the piano to something else?”

You’ve set the stage. Next, look ahead and ask, “What are some of the great things you want to do this year? What do you want to improve? What will make your life better and happier?”

Suggest—Don’t Dictate Resolutions

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The big question parents have at this point: Should you make resolutions for your child? Most experts say no. You can guide and suggest general categories for change, help your child clarify goals, and make sure they’re age-appropriate, but kids should come up with resolutions themselves. This is how they take ownership of their goals and learn to plan.

The first step is to listen, Kolari says. “Ask them what they want for themselves. If it’s your agenda that’s driving the conversation, you’re not listening.”

Still, most kids need a little guidance. Come up with three or four broad categories — such as personal goals, friendship goals, helping goals, and school goals — and let them fill in the specifics. Cox, who also teaches workshops on family traditions, suggests parents ask, “Are there things that you could do better or differently? For instance, how should you take care of yourself or treat other people?” If they draw a blank, you could offer some examples, such as being nicer to siblings, sharing better with friends, or helping more at home.

Your kids might also include what Kolari calls “material goals,” such as collecting Silly Bandz or Barbies. “Don’t say, ‘That’s not a good goal,'” she says. Be open to what’s important to them. “It’s a great way to have a meaningful conversation with your kids and see what they’re thinking.”

Narrow Down the Resolutions List

Heather Weston

The important thing is not to end up with too many resolutions.”Honestly, two or three are reasonable,” Kolari says.

“We don’t want to teach our kids it’s about making a huge list of resolutions and not following through,” Dr. Carter says. “So help your child narrow them down to a couple of things to focus on.”

Take a fresh sheet of paper and have your child write down her top three resolutions, leaving a large space between each one for inserting smaller steps. Help your child make them realistic and age-appropriate.

“Be concrete, specific, and manageable,” Dr. Goodman says. “As with adults, vague but good-sounding resolutions don’t make for change. For example, ‘I will behave better’ is too general and will be out the window fast.” Encourage goals that are within their reach, so they don’t get discouraged.

Some realistic resolutions for kids might be “I’m going to keep my room neater,” “I’m going to be a better friend,” “I’m going to read more,” or “I’m going to get better at tennis.” Even these are broad resolutions that need to be broken down into doable, step-by-step pieces.

Let your child make the list fun and personal, Cox says. “My son Max always did little drawings on his — a few words and lavish illustrations.”

Take Turtle Steps Toward Big Resolutions

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Turning a good intention into a habit is “one of the most important skills we can teach our kids,” says Dr. Carter. “It’s the key to happiness in life.” She suggests that parents help kids break their resolutions down into “ridiculously easy turtle steps.” “Self-discipline is like a muscle that grows slowly,” she says. “If you do too much at first, you will get fatigued and not be successful.”

Dr. Carter says it takes six weeks to create a habit. For instance, if your child’s resolution is “I’m going to keep my room neater,” he should write down six tiny, easy steps and practice one each week. “The first week he puts his shoes in the closet, the second week he picks his pillow up off the floor, and so on,” Dr. Carter says. Your child might actually end up doing much more than this. “There’s a massive spillover effect,” she says. “Once people are engaged in their goal, they will do other things as well.” Have your kids fill in the spaces on their big list with these tiny steps or download “turtle steps” worksheets from Dr. Carter’s habit tracker.

Dr. Goodman also believes in breaking down broad resolutions into specific, easy-to-do steps. Her examples:

  • I will help more around the house … by setting the table for dinner.
  • I will improve my reading … by reading 15 minutes before I go to bed.
  • I will eat more healthful foods … by eating one fruit at breakfast and one vegetable at dinner.

It’s fine to check in with kids each week and acknowledge how they’re doing, but Dr. Carter advises against tangible rewards. “You can’t bribe kids into doing this. Once you make it external with rewards, you lose them.”

Follow Up but Don’t Nag About Resolutions

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Check in periodically with kids on how they’re doing. “Don’t worry about lapses. Expect them. A lapse is forgetting for a day or two, or having a week in which a turtle step didn’t work. Or maybe you went on vacation and couldn’t practice. That’s not failure; that’s just trying. No big change is ever accomplished perfectly,” Dr. Carter says.

“Try not to be a big nag about this,” Kolari says. If your child isn’t making progress on a resolution, “first affirm how hard it is: It seemed like a great idea, but it’s not easy to stick to. Ask, ‘What’s getting in the way for you?’ Help them get excited about it again.” To avoid parental nagging, she advises framing the resolutions on a wall as a reminder.

Cox agrees. “Make sure the resolutions are accessible so you can find them easily. You could have a ritual every month in which you bring them out and talk about how you’re all doing.”

Of course, if the plan isn’t working, you can always adjust it. “If you lose your way,” Dr. Goodman says, “figure out another way to get there.”

That’s what happened when Dr. Carter’s daughter set a goal of getting ready for school 15 minutes earlier each morning. “She thought of her six turtle steps, but it turned out not to be all that easy. Some of them were not tangible enough. So she erased them and substituted easier things. She did halvsies until the goal was complete. The beauty of letting kids choose their own goal is that they want it for themselves.”

Make Family Resolutions Together

Christa Renee

Resolutions also bring families closer, especially when you decide to set goals together. Families could plan to do one charitable thing a month and brainstorm about what that might be. You could pick up trash in the park or donate used clothes and toys to a shelter. “As long as you’re working on it together, that’s great,” Kolari says.

Another idea is for everyone to make two personal New Year’s resolutions and two collective family resolutions such as, “Let’s visit Grandma more often” or “Let’s plan a trip to Disney World.”

Many parents suggest doing acts of kindness as part of family New Year’s resolutions. “Kindness is the habit holy grail,” Dr. Carter says. “It’s so universally positive. When kids consciously practice being kinder, it makes them happier people and the world is a better place. As a family, my kids and I think of the people in our lives we can help and we pick one to focus on during the week. For example, we have a neighbor who’s retired and loves it when the kids stop and talk for a while. You can’t force kids to be kind, but you can float the idea and hope they’ll be inspired.”

Make Resolutions a Ritual

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When you’re sitting down and sharing resolutions with each other, it makes the family closer. You can make it even more meaningful by adding elements of ritual, Cox says.

“One of the main rules in creating new rituals is to engage as many of the five senses as possible,” she says. For sound, play the family’s favorite music. For smell and taste, cook a fun treat to eat during or after writing resolutions, especially something that smells delicious such as hot chocolate with marshmallows or warm cider with cinnamon. For touch and vision, buy some small objects to symbolize what might happen to a person in the next year, such as a small globe for travel, a football for sports, a book for doing well at school, and so on. Wrap the objects in pretty holidaypaper and put them in a bowl. Each person picks one gift (or “charm”) that will “predict” something about his or her adventures in the New Year.

“Families these days tend to have isolated lives,” Cox says. “When you’re talking about what matters to each other, that’s a bonding experience.” So turn off the electronic devices — no texting—and pay attention to one another.

When the Dionnes lift their glasses of cider with their children, now 12 and 13, this New Year’s Eve, they’ll be continuing a tradition of closeness. “I’ll say, ‘We’ve got a whole new year and a clean slate, so let’s start fresh,'” Vicky says. “We get them pumped up about how they can improve their lives.” Paul adds, “We consciously decided to do this on New Year’s Eve because we’re always together then. We stay up ’til midnight and toast each other as a team, a family.”

Wendy Schuman is a freelance writer and mother of two based in New Jersey.

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