{"id":3723,"date":"2018-04-01T00:13:39","date_gmt":"2018-04-01T04:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/?p=3723"},"modified":"2018-04-06T14:18:04","modified_gmt":"2018-04-06T18:18:04","slug":"ap-biology-chapters-35-36-39-terms-with-review-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/2018\/04\/01\/ap-biology-chapters-35-36-39-terms-with-review-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Biology: Chapters 35, 36, & 39: Terms with Review Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chapter 35: Key Terms<\/b><\/p>\n

ABC hypothesis;\u00a0<\/span>apical bud;\u00a0<\/span>apical dominance;\u00a0<\/span>apical meristem;\u00a0<\/span>axillary bud;\u00a0<\/span>bark;\u00a0<\/span>blade;\u00a0<\/span>collenchyma cell;\u00a0<\/span>companion cell;\u00a0<\/span>cork cambium;\u00a0<\/span>cortex;\u00a0<\/span>dermal tissue system;\u00a0<\/span>determinate growth;\u00a0<\/span>development;\u00a0<\/span>endodermis;\u00a0<\/span>epidermis;\u00a0<\/span>fiber;\u00a0<\/span>ground tissue system;\u00a0<\/span>guard cells;\u00a0<\/span>indeterminate growth;\u00a0<\/span>internode;\u00a0<\/span>lateral meristem;\u00a0<\/span>lateral root;\u00a0<\/span>leaf primordium;\u00a0<\/span>lenticel;\u00a0<\/span>lignin;\u00a0<\/span>meristem;\u00a0<\/span>meristem identity gene;\u00a0<\/span>mesophyll;\u00a0<\/span>node;\u00a0<\/span>organ identity gene;\u00a0<\/span>parenchyma cell;\u00a0<\/span>pattern formation;\u00a0<\/span>pericycle;\u00a0<\/span>periderm;\u00a0<\/span>petiole;\u00a0<\/span>phase change;\u00a0<\/span>phloem;\u00a0<\/span>pith;\u00a0<\/span>polarity;\u00a0<\/span>primary growth;\u00a0<\/span>root;\u00a0<\/span>root cap;\u00a0<\/span>root hair;\u00a0<\/span>root system;\u00a0<\/span>sclereid;\u00a0<\/span>sclerenchyma cell;\u00a0<\/span>secondary growth;\u00a0<\/span>shoot system;\u00a0<\/span>sieve plate;\u00a0<\/span>sieve-tube element;\u00a0<\/span>stele;\u00a0<\/span>stem;\u00a0<\/span>stoma;\u00a0<\/span>taproot;\u00a0<\/span>tissue;\u00a0<\/span>tissue system;\u00a0<\/span>tracheid;\u00a0<\/span>vascular cambium;\u00a0<\/span>vascular tissue system;\u00a0<\/span>vessel;\u00a0<\/span>vessel element;\u00a0<\/span>xylem<\/span><\/p>\n

Review Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0How does the vascular tissue system enable leaves and roots to function together in\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0supporting growth and development of the whole plant?<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Elaborate upon whether primary and secondary growth can occur at the same time\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0in the same plant.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Unlike leaves, roots and stems tend to grow indeterminately, explain how is this\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0beneficial to the plant?<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0How does primary growth differ in roots and shoots?<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Since stomata and lenticels are involved in the gaseous exchange process, why does\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0the stomata, unlike the lenticels need to close at times?<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Since two cells in a plant have the same genetic material, how can these two cells\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0have different structures?<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0State at least three variables between animal and plant development.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Describe three specializations in plant organs and plant cells that are considered\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0adaptations to terrestrial life.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Distinguish between primary and secondary growth.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0How does the branching process in roots vary as compared to that in stems?<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Since plants can undergrow secondary growth, what are some of the advantages of\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0such evolutionary process?<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Since plant cells do not expand in all directions, explain the method that allows\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0them to get longer along one axis?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Chapter 36: Key Terms<\/b><\/p>\n

    abscisic acid (ABA);\u00a0<\/span>aquaporin;\u00a0<\/span>bulk flow;\u00a0<\/span>canopy;\u00a0<\/span>Casparian strip;\u00a0<\/span>circadian rhythm;\u00a0<\/span>cohesion-tension hypothesis;\u00a0<\/span>flaccid;\u00a0<\/span>guttation;\u00a0<\/span>megapascal;\u00a0<\/span>mycorrhiza;\u00a0<\/span>osmosis<\/span><\/p>\n

    phloem;\u00a0<\/span>phloem sap;\u00a0<\/span>phyllotaxy;\u00a0<\/span>plasmolysis;\u00a0<\/span>pressure potential;\u00a0<\/span>protoplast;\u00a0<\/span>root pressure;\u00a0<\/span>solute potential;\u00a0<\/span>sugar sink;\u00a0<\/span>sugar source;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    symplast;\u00a0<\/span>translocation;\u00a0<\/span>transpiration;\u00a0<\/span>turgid;\u00a0<\/span>turgor pressure;\u00a0<\/span>water potential;\u00a0<\/span>wilting;\u00a0<\/span>xerophyte;\u00a0<\/span>xylem sap<\/span>
    \n<\/span><\/p>\n

    Review Questions: <\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u00a0<\/span> What is the significance of long-distance transport for vascular plants?<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u00a0<\/span> How do stem elongation, production of erect leaves, and reduced lateral branching\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 help plants to compete when certain plants realize a higher dosage of sunlight being\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 reflected from leaves of nearby plants?<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u00a0<\/span> If a plant cell that is placed in pure water has a solute potential (<\/span>\u03c8s<\/span>) of \u2013 0.7 MPa\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (megapascal) and water potential (<\/span>\u03c8) <\/span>of 0 MPa, Determine the cell\u2019s pressure\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 potential (<\/span>\u03c8<\/span>p<\/span>)<\/span>? If you were to place it in an open beaker of solution that has a (<\/span>\u03c8) <\/span>of\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -0.4 MPa, determine is (<\/span>\u03c8<\/span>p<\/span>) <\/span>at equilibrium.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. \u00a0<\/span> If the number of aquaporin channels (water channels in membrane) were to be\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 reduced, how will this influence the ability of a plant cell to adapt to this new osmotic\u00a0 \u00a0 condition?<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. \u00a0<\/span> Explain how would the long-distance of water transportation be influenced if the\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tracheids and vessel elements were to be alive at maturity?<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. \u00a0<\/span> Explain the reason that when <\/span>Zinnia <\/span><\/i>flowers are cut early in the morning, a small\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 water droplet collects at the surface of the rooted stump, but if it were to be cut at\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 noon, no droplet is observed?<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. \u00a0<\/span> Compare the Casparian strip with tight junctions that you may have learned in CH. 6.<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. \u00a0<\/span> Identify the stimuli that are responsible for the behavior of the stomata.<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. \u00a0<\/span> Explain a method that brings about the activation of the proton pumps in the cell\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 membrane of a plant cell that leads to severe wilting due to a toxin called fusicoccin,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 which causes uncontrollable water loss.<\/span><\/li>\n
    10. \u00a0\u00a0Distinguish among the forces that move the phloem sap and the xylem sap over long\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 distances.<\/span><\/li>\n
    11. \u00a0\u00a0Distinguish between plant organs that are sugar sources compared to those that are\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 sugar sinks and those that are either.<\/span><\/li>\n
    12. \u00a0\u00a0Explain the reason that xylem can carry its functions using dead cells while phloem\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 requires active ones.<\/span><\/li>\n
    13. \u00a0\u00a0Contrast plasmodesmata with gap junctions.<\/span><\/li>\n
    14. \u00a0\u00a0Why do you think that nerve-like signals in animals are much faster than their plant\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 counterparts?<\/span><\/li>\n
    15. \u00a0\u00a0How did the changes over time in xylem and phloem of vascular plants lead to much\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 colonization of land?<\/span><\/li>\n
    16. \u00a0\u00a0Water molecules form hydrogen bonds. Why is this important for xylem sap\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 movement?<\/span><\/li>\n
    17. \u00a0\u00a0Elaborate upon the ways that symplastic communication is regulated.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Chapter 39 Key Terms<\/b>
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n

      (D)ay-neutral plant(s);\u00a0<\/span>action spectrum;\u00a0<\/span>auxin;\u00a0<\/span>blue-light <\/span><\/p>\n

      photoreceptor;\u00a0<\/span>brassinosteroid(s);\u00a0<\/span>circadian rhythm;\u00a0<\/span>communication;\u00a0<\/span>cytokinin;\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

      de-etiolation;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      E site;\u00a0<\/span>effector;\u00a0<\/span>ethylene;\u00a0<\/span>etiolation;\u00a0<\/span>expansin;\u00a0<\/span>florigen;\u00a0<\/span>gibberellin;\u00a0<\/span>gravitropism<\/span><\/p>\n

      heat-shock protein;\u00a0<\/span>hypersensitive response;\u00a0<\/span>jasmonate;\u00a0<\/span>long-day plant<\/span><\/p>\n

      pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs);\u00a0<\/span>photomorphogenesis;\u00a0<\/span>photoperiodism<\/span><\/p>\n

      phototropism;\u00a0<\/span>phytochrome;\u00a0<\/span>salicylic acid; second messenger;\u00a0<\/span>senescence;\u00a0<\/span>short-day plant<\/span><\/p>\n

      strigolactone;\u00a0<\/span>systemic acquired \u00a0\u00a0resistance;\u00a0<\/span>thigmomorphogenesis;\u00a0<\/span>thigmotropism<\/span><\/p>\n

      triple response;\u00a0<\/span>tropism;\u00a0<\/span>vernalization<\/span>
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n

      Review Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Morphologically speaking, contrast between dark- and light-grown plants, and\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0elaborate upon how etiolation assist in the competition of a seedling.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Since protein synthesis can be stopped by a chemical called cycloheximide, what\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0result can it have on de-etiolation?<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0How may fusicoccin influence the growth of isolated stem sections?<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Assuming that an enzyme of soybean leaves tends to be very active at noon versus\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0midnight, is its activity under circadian regulation? Explain your response.<\/span><\/li>\n
      5. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Thermal imaging is used on plants to isolate mutants that produce abscisic acid\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0excessively. Why do you think these tend to be warmer than wild-type plants under\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0normal, non-stressful conditions?<\/span><\/li>\n
      6. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A certain type of plant tends to grow shorter near the aisles than in the middle.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Explain this \u201cedge effect\u201d, which occurs often in the gardening process.<\/span><\/li>\n
      7. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Explain some of the disadvantages of spraying vegetation fields with insecticides.<\/span><\/li>\n
      8. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Since chewing insects mechanically can damage plants, lessen the surface area of\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0photosynthetic leaves, and make plants vulnerable to be attacked by disease-\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0causing germs, suggest a reason for why this can take place.<\/span><\/li>\n
      9. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Many disease-causing fungal germs get their nutrition by causing plant cell to leak\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0out their nutrients into the intercellular spaces, would it be advantageous for the\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0fungus to kill its host so that all the nutrients will leak out? Explain your response.<\/span><\/li>\n
      10. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Identify two ways that signal transduction pathways help the activity of specific\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0enzymes.<\/span><\/li>\n
      11. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Explain the saying, \u201cOne rotten apple spoils the whole bunch.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
      12. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Why did plant physiologists suggest the existence of a flowering hormone molecule\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(florigen) that brings about such a flowering process?<\/span><\/li>\n
      13. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0What is the reason that plants that are used to drought are often more resistant to\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0freezing conditions as well?<\/span><\/li>\n
      14. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Elaborate upon the fact of how insects can make plants more susceptible to\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pathogens.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Chapter 35: Key Terms ABC hypothesis;\u00a0apical bud;\u00a0apical dominance;\u00a0apical meristem;\u00a0axillary bud;\u00a0bark;\u00a0blade;\u00a0collenchyma cell;\u00a0companion cell;\u00a0cork cambium;\u00a0cortex;\u00a0dermal tissue system;\u00a0determinate growth;\u00a0development;\u00a0endodermis;\u00a0epidermis;\u00a0fiber;\u00a0ground tissue system;\u00a0guard cells;\u00a0indeterminate growth;\u00a0internode;\u00a0lateral meristem;\u00a0lateral root;\u00a0leaf primordium;\u00a0lenticel;\u00a0lignin;\u00a0meristem;\u00a0meristem identity gene;\u00a0mesophyll;\u00a0node;\u00a0organ identity gene;\u00a0parenchyma cell;\u00a0pattern formation;\u00a0pericycle;\u00a0periderm;\u00a0petiole;\u00a0phase change;\u00a0phloem;\u00a0pith;\u00a0polarity;\u00a0primary growth;\u00a0root;\u00a0root cap;\u00a0root hair;\u00a0root system;\u00a0sclereid;\u00a0sclerenchyma cell;\u00a0secondary growth;\u00a0shoot system;\u00a0sieve plate;\u00a0sieve-tube element;\u00a0stele;\u00a0stem;\u00a0stoma;\u00a0taproot;\u00a0tissue;\u00a0tissue system;\u00a0tracheid;\u00a0vascular … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3723\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/salehm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}