Government Final Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	What part of the Constitution prevents certain conflicts between the national government and the states?
a.	Supremacy Clause	
b.	Necessary and Proper Clause	
c.	Elastic Clause	
d.	Subordinate Clause	

____	2.	What must occur before the full Senate can act upon a bill?
a.	The House of Representatives must pass the bill.	
b.	A majority of the Senate must vote for it to come to the floor.	
c.	The Senate committee considering the bill decides whether to move it to floor consideration.	
d.	The House committee must pass it to the Senate committee.	

____	3.	The President’s salary is determined by
a.	Congress.	
b.	the Constitution.	
c.	the Treasury Department.	
d.	the Federal Reserve. 	

____	4.	What must the President do if the vice presidency becomes vacant?
a.	take on the job himself	
b.	hire a Vice President	
c.	schedule a new election	
d.	nominate a Vice President	

____	5.	An interest group may file an amicus curiae brief to
a.	present arguments in support of one side in a legal dispute.	
b.	present arguments for both sides in a legal dispute.	
c.	defend itself in a lawsuit.	
d.	bring a lawsuit on behalf of a fringe group.	

____	6.	Who can contribute directly to a candidate running for a federal office?
a.	labor unions	
b.	corporations	
c.	political action committees	
d.	foreign sources	

____	7.	How did the Framers decide the President and Vice President should be selected?
a.	by Congress	c.	by the electoral college	
b.	by the Cabinet	d.	by popular vote	

____	8.	Which is one of the requirements for election to the U.S. Senate?
a.	A candidate must be a citizen of the United States for at least nine years.	
b.	A candidate must have lived in the same state for at least seven years.	
c.	A candidate must be a citizen of the United States for at least seven years.	
d.	A candidate must have lived in the same state for at least nine years.	

____	9.	The Privileges and Immunities Clause requires a State to 
a.	allow any American to become a resident of that State.	
b.	charge in-State and out-of-State students the same tuition.	
c.	hire in-State residents first for all jobs.	
d.	let newly arrived State residents to vote immediately.	

____	10.	What is the role of the presidential candidate at a party convention?
a.	writing the platform	
b.	leading the roll call balloting 	
c.	giving an acceptance speech	
d.	giving the keynote address	

____	11.	Which of the following comparisons of the House and Senate is true?
a.	The House is larger than the Senate.	
b.	House members serve longer terms than Senate members.	
c.	House members usually represent a larger population than Senate members.	
d.	House members have more media exposure than Senate members.	

____	12.	Under the Articles of Confederation, the United States was
a.	very similar in structure to what it is today.	
b.	essentially two separate countries made up of six or seven colonies each.	
c.	a tightly unified country under a strong central government.	
d.	essentially an alliance of independent States.	

____	13.	If the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the President may
a.	change the date the next session begins.	
b.	call a special session of Congress.	
c.	call for new elections.	
d.	prorogue the session.	

____	14.	What role does the President fill when working with Congress to pass laws?
a.	chief administrator	
b.	commander in chief	
c.	chief legislator	
d.	chief of party	

____	15.	What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 accomplish?
a.	It protected civil rights in polling places.	
b.	It allowed people to vote in U.S. territories.	
c.	It allowed 18-year-olds in all states to vote.	
d.	It banned the payment of taxes in order to vote.	

____	16.	According to the Constitution, the National Government may do any of the following EXCEPT
a.	protect each State against invasion.	
b.	aid States that experience the ravages of nature.	
c.	ignore the physical boundaries of each State.	
d.	send troops into a State at the governor’s request.	

____	17.	One way historical events of the 1960s and 1970s have affected public opinion is that
a.	many Americans have less trust in government.	
b.	many Americans live eco-friendly lifestyles.	
c.	most Americans have become more thrifty.	
d.	Americans’ optimism about the future has grown.	

____	18.	What keeps the Federal Election Commission from doing a better job of enforcing election laws?
a.	The election laws are not detailed enough.	
b.	Its power is limited by the Federal Election Campaign Act.	
c.	It does not have enough funds and its staff is too small.	
d.	Its power is limited by the Supreme Court.	

____	19.	Benjamin Franklin felt that the Constitution 
a.	had so many faults it would prove unworkable.	
b.	would need to be substantially revised in a few years.	
c.	was a perfect system of government.	
d.	was the best constitution that could be made under the circumstances.	

____	20.	Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
a.	They were too weak to bind the States together.	
b.	They made the Congress and President far too powerful.	
c.	They were not detailed or specific enough.	
d.	They gave more power to some States than to others.	

____	21.	Which party system is most common in a typical dictatorship?
a.	bipartisan system	
b.	one-party system	
c.	two-party system	
d.	multiparty system	

____	22.	What is a winning party saying when it claims to have a mandate from voters?
a.	that interest groups may now start running the party	
b.	that it can now begin to develop more sound bites for television	
c.	that it can now take a straw vote to determine public opinion	
d.	that it has approval to carry out its campaign promises	

____	23.	Today, the principal nominating method in most States is
a.	the direct primary.	
b.	petition.	
c.	self-announcement.	
d.	the caucus.	

____	24.	In which of the following does Congress have the power to regulate the use of money?
a.	State government elections	
b.	mayoral elections	
c.	gubernatorial elections	
d.	presidential elections	

____	25.	Federal judges may be removed from office only by the
a.	House of Representatives.	
b.	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.	
c.	President.	
d.	Senate.	

____	26.	Which of the following is not mentioned in the Constitution and yet has affected the meaning of the Constitution?
a.	political parties	
b.	the Cabinet	
c.	the Supreme Court	
d.	Congress	

____	27.	Why was the 22nd Amendment written?
a.	Congress feared an upset in the balance of power and proposed it in the wake of Franklin Roosevelt’s unprecedented third and fourth terms of office.	
b.	The Constitution originally did not explain how a vacant presidency should be filled, and this became an issue when President William Henry Harrison died in office.	
c.	The congressional caucus system of nomination proved corrupt, so a provision had to be included in the Constitution to explain how parties should nominate candidates for the presidency.	
d.	The election of 1800 showed the need to separate the presidential and vice presidential elections.	

____	28.	Which is a true statement about the millions of Americans who do not vote?
a.	Most cannot vote.	
b.	Most are married.	
c.	Many only vote in congressional elections.	
d.	Many are not interested in politics. 	

____	29.	The election of 1800 
a.	was the last time a President was elected into office without winning the popular vote.	
b.	introduced the idea that presidential electors should act as “free agents” in  the electoral process.	
c.	introduced the nomination of candidates to serve as presidential electors in the several States.	
d.	was the last time political parties nominated candidates for the presidency.	

____	30.	In which procedure are candidates nominated by means of a document signed by a certain number of qualified voters in the election district?
a.	self-announcement	
b.	petition	
c.	caucus	
d.	write-in ballot	

____	31.	The United States government has a federal system. What does this mean?
a.	Local governments have most of the power.	
b.	The national government is controlled by a small group of people.	
c.	The national government has most of the power.	
d.	The national government and states share power.	

____	32.	Which are the four characteristics of the state?
a.	freedom, liberty, sovereignty, government	
b.	population, territory, sovereignty, constitution	
c.	population, territory, sovereignty, government	
d.	population, territory, sovereignty, foreign policy	

____	33.	Why does a peer group often have a strong influence on a person’s opinions?
a.	because group members trust one another	
b.	because group members watch news broadcasts together	
c.	because all members have the same education and think alike	
d.	because the group leader tells individuals what to think	

____	34.	The Virginia and New Jersey plans disagreed about 
a.	outlawing slavery.	
b.	whether Congress could tax.	
c.	State representation in Congress.	
d.	structuring the executive branch.	

____	35.	Why did smaller states favor the New Jersey Plan over the Virginia Plan?
a.	because it called for the Three-Fifths Compromise	
b.	because it called for equal representation in a bicameral Congress	
c.	because it called for representation based on population	
d.	because it called for the states to be represented equally	

____	36.	What is the main difference between television and newspaper coverage of the news?
a.	Television news reflects public opinion better than newspapers.	
b.	Fewer people watch television news than read newspapers.	
c.	Television is more biased in its coverage than newspapers are.	
d.	Television mostly “skims” the news, while newspapers go more in depth.	

____	37.	What proportion of senate terms expires every two years?
a.	one-third 	
b.	half 	
c.	two-thirds	
d.	all 	

____	38.	A runoff primary is held only when 
a.	an absolute majority of votes is needed to carry a primary.	
b.	all candidates for nomination are listed on a single ballot.	
c.	there are more than five candidates for the same office.	
d.	candidates are not identified by party labels.	

____	39.	The main criticism of the registration requirement for voting is that it
a.	tends to disenfranchise the poor and less educated.	
b.	promotes election fraud.	
c.	does not provide enough protection against election fraud. 	
d.	is a waste of taxpayer money.	

____	40.	How was the United States set up under the Articles of Confederation?
a.	The central government was the same as it is today.	
b.	Each geographical region acted like a separate country. 	
c.	The states controlled most of their own affairs.	
d.	The states were tightly unified under a strong central government.	

____	41.	Which of the following is a responsibility of every American citizen?
a.	serving on a jury	
b.	voting	
c.	attending school	
d.	respecting the rights of others	

____	42.	Which is a duty of every American citizen rather than a responsibility?
a.	being kind to others	
b.	obeying the law	
c.	helping in the community	
d.	voting in an election	

____	43.	Why is the Senate called a “continuous body”?
a.	The Senate never adjourns.	
b.	All of its seats are never up for election at the same time.	
c.	There is no limit on the number of terms a senator may serve.	
d.	The Senate never takes recesses.	

____	44.	Which of the following courts was specifically created by the Constitution?
a.	the Supreme Court only	
b.	the Supreme Court and the special courts	
c.	the Supreme Court and the constitutional courts	
d.	the Supreme Court and the U.S. Courts of Appeals	

____	45.	A national convention is held to accomplish all of the following except
a.	unify the party behind its candidates.	
b.	adopt the party’s platform.	
c.	name its presidential candidate.	
d.	select the party’s delegates.	

____	46.	Which is a reason why states have voter registration?
a.	to protect the voting rights of aliens and transients	
b.	to keep people from voting more than once	
c.	so states can enforce laws that require citizens to vote	
d.	so political parties can contact voters at election time	

____	47.	What is true about splinter parties?
a.	They seldom win many votes, though they tend to be long-lived.	
b.	They take away supporters from a major party.	
c.	They lose support when the economy improves.	
d.	They are unwilling to take clear-cut stands on difficult issues.	

____	48.	What is the main goal of propaganda?
a.	to present both sides of an issue.	
b.	to present objective facts.	
c.	to create a particular belief.	
d.	to persuade using logical arguments.	

____	49.	A major flaw in the electoral college system is that
a.	electors must vote in agreement with the popular vote.	
b.	the candidate who wins the popular vote might not become President.  	
c.	any election might have to be decided in the U.S. Senate.	
d.	electors are chosen by popular vote.	

____	50.	Which usually must approve interstate compacts?
a.	the Supreme Court	
b.	Congress	
c.	the President’s Cabinet	
d.	all 50 states	

____	51.	On what main issue did the Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagree?
a.	Political parties should be allowed to exist.	
b.	The President and members of Congress should be elected.	
c.	The National Government should be strong.	
d.	The Articles of Confederation should be replaced.	

____	52.	According to the 24th Amendment, no State can 
a.	require payment of any tax as a condition for voting for President.	
b.	deny the right to vote to someone in prison.	
c.	allow someone to vote who has not lived in the State for at least one year.	
d.	deny the right to vote to the mentally challenged.	

____	53.	A President can serve no more than ___ years in office.
a.	12	
b.	4	
c.	6	
d.	8	

____	54.	What kind of jurisdiction allows a state or a federal court to hear a case?
a.	exclusive jurisdiction	
b.	appellate jurisdiction	
c.	concurrent jurisdiction	
d.	original jurisdiction	

____	55.	Which voting requirement was the first to be eliminated?
a.	gender	
b.	property ownership	
c.	race	
d.	poll tax	

____	56.	What did some people fear might happen if a Bill of Rights was not added to the Constitution?
a.	A too-powerful government might abuse its citizens.	
b.	The people would overthrow the national government.	
c.	The government would not be strong enough to be effective.	
d.	The judicial branch would not ratify the Constitution.	

____	57.	How is the appointment of a Supreme Court justice made?
a.	The President appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	
b.	The Senate appoints the justice; the President approves it.	
c.	The judicial branch appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	
d.	The Speaker of the House appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	

____	58.	Which is one of the three main goals of a national convention?
a.	getting supporters from  the opposing party	
b.	naming candidates for governor	
c.	adopting the party’s platform	
d.	proposing constitutional amendments	

____	59.	A meeting of a small group of people to select the candidates they will support is called
a.	a primary.	
b.	a caucus.	
c.	nomination by petition.	
d.	a convention.	

____	60.	Which critical event prevented a U.S. presidential election?
a.	the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941	
b.	the September 2001 terrorist attacks	
c.	the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962	
d.	no crisis has prevented a presidential election	

____	61.	Which of the following statements about appellate courts is true?
a.	Appellate courts may overrule or modify decisions of lower courts.	
b.	Appellate courts have original jurisdiction in the cases they review.	
c.	Appellate courts retry cases.	
d.	Appellate court judges ask for new facts to be presented in the cases they review.	

____	62.	What is the main purpose of a political party?
a.	to raise campaign funds	
b.	to come up with new ways of organizing government	
c.	to control government by winning elections	
d.	to ask the government to make changes	

____	63.	How did the prosperity of the 1950s influence public opinion?
a.	It made people pessimistic.	
b.	It made people distrustful of government.	
c.	It changed people’s view of the proper role of government.	
d.	It made people optimistic.	

____	64.	Which amendment ended slavery after the Civil War?
a.	13th Amendment	
b.	22nd Amendment	
c.	27th Amendment	
d.	18th Amendment	

____	65.	Before the 25th Amendment, what did the Constitution say about how the presidency should be filled if the President should become disabled?
a.	There were no guidelines for what to do in case of presidential disability.	
b.	The Vice President should become the Acting President.	
c.	The Vice President should take over the office of the President.	
d.	A council of governors should select an Acting President.	

____	66.	Which is longer, a term or a session of Congress?
a.	a session	
b.	neither	
c.	both are the same	
d.	a term	

____	67.	Which is the correct line of presidential succession according to the Presidential Succession Act of 1947?
a.	Vice President, Speaker of the House, Senate majority leader, Secretary of Energy	
b.	Vice President, Speaker of the House, president pro tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State	
c.	Vice President, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House, Attorney General	
d.	Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Transportation, Secretary of Labor	

____	68.	Why has the Internet transformed the way people get political information?
a.	The Internet is more popular than any other medium for political news.	
b.	People must pay to view the information on most political Web sites.	
c.	The Internet is more reliable than most print sources.	
d.	The Internet allows two-way communication of information and opinions.	

____	69.	For whom do senators and representatives work?
a.	the political parties	
b.	the committees to which they belong	
c.	the people who elect them	
d.	the president	

____	70.	If neither presidential candidate wins a majority in the electoral college, how is the election decided?
a.	in the Senate	
b.	in the House of Representatives	
c.	by the Supreme Court	
d.	by a new election	

____	71.	In a parliamentary democracy, the chief executive is chosen by the
a.	judicial branch.	
b.	legislature.	
c.	reigning monarch.	
d.	voters.	

____	72.	The 22nd Amendment was passed in reaction to what unwritten custom that was broken?
a.	the President’s Cabinet tradition	
b.	the senatorial courtesy tradition	
c.	the no-third-term tradition	
d.	the electoral college tradition	

____	73.	The term of office for senators is
a.	the same as for members of the House.	
b.	four times as long as for members of the House.	
c.	three times as long as for members of the House.	
d.	twice as long as for members of the House.	

____	74.	Which of the following statements is true of the Federalists?
a.	They ignored the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.	
b.	They believed in a system of checks and balances.	
c.	They feared the presidency would become too powerful.	
d.	They feared that Congress would become too powerful.	

____	75.	What does federalism mean?
a.	that power is divided among a national government and the states	
b.	that people should be guaranteed basic rights	
c.	that most power belongs with the national government	
d.	that people are the source of government’s power	

____	76.	Which theory holds that God created the state and made it sovereign?
a.	divine right theory	
b.	evolutionary theory	
c.	force theory	
d.	social contract theory	

____	77.	Which medium is the most widely used source for political news and information?
a.	the Internet	
b.	newspapers	
c.	magazines	
d.	television	

____	78.	The Connecticut Compromise particularly satisfied
a.	more prosperous States.	
b.	southern States with many slaves.	
c.	northern commercial interests.	
d.	smaller, less populous States.	

____	79.	When is campaign spending limited?
a.	when a presidential candidate rejects FEC subsidies	
b.	in all congressional elections	
c.	in all presidential primary campaigns	
d.	when a presidential candidate accepts FEC subsidies	

____	80.	What pushed the American colonists toward wanting independence from Britain?
a.	The colonists were rebellious from the very beginning.	
b.	The king granted independence to some colonies but not others.	
c.	Britain put high taxes on certain goods.	
d.	The Americans felt ignored by Britain for nearly a century.	

____	81.	Which voting method was discontinued due to the Help America Vote Act passed after the disputed presidential election of 2000?
a.	Australian ballots	
b.	punch card ballots	
c.	mail-in ballots	
d.	Internet ballots	

____	82.	What do the first three articles of the Constitution address?
a.	the formal amendment process	
b.	the organization of the National Government	
c.	the National Government and the States 	
d.	the place of the States in the Union	

____	83.	Which is a direct method of lobbying?
a.	organizing a large-scale protest march	
b.	having dinner with a member of Congress	
c.	starting a get-out-the-vote campaign online	
d.	mobilizing a grass-roots effort back home	

____	84.	Some people insist that the United States is a republic rather than a democracy because
a.	the popular will is expressed by representatives, not directly by the people.	
b.	true democracies give people more freedom.	
c.	true democracies need no checks and balances.	
d.	children are not allowed to vote in U.S. elections.	

____	85.	Which of the following would be illegal under federal campaign finance law?
a.	making a contribution to a Republican candidate by a registered Democrat	
b.	making a campaign contribution in the name of a co-worker	
c.	making a contribution to a candidate by someone who has never voted	
d.	making a cash gift of $50 to a candidate	

____	86.	Which type of colony had a governor and council appointed by the king?
a.	 royal colony	
b.	 bicameral colony	
c.	 charter colony	
d.	 proprietary colony	

____	87.	The Patriot Act:
a.	was very poular in 2002	
b.	allows the U.S. Governemnt to act swiftly against suspected terrorists	
c.	is very unpopular	
d.	is perfectly Constitutional	

____	88.	How are differences usually settled in a democracy?
a.	by compromise	
b.	by minority rule	
c.	by autocracy	
d.	by dictatorship	

____	89.	Which court(s) can exercise both original and appellate jurisdiction?
a.	federal courts of appeals	
b.	federal district courts	
c.	the Supreme Court	
d.	all of the constitutional courts	

____	90.	The Constitution requires that a member of the House must 
a.	be identified with a particular party.	
b.	be an inhabitant of the district he or she represents.	
c.	be an inhabitant of the State from which he or she is elected.	
d.	be at least 21 years old.	

____	91.	The system that allows each branch of the Federal Government to restrain the other two branches is called
a.	popular sovereignty.	
b.	limited government.	
c.	separation of powers.	
d.	checks and balances.	

____	92.	A speech given early at a party convention to set the tone for the convention and the campaign to come is called the
a.	keynote address.	
b.	acceptance speech.	
c.	platform address.	
d.	nomination.	

____	93.	What is the subject of the first three articles of the Constitution?
a.	a guarantee of basic rights and freedoms	
b.	the six basic principles of government	
c.	Congress, the presidency, and federal courts	
d.	a detailed discussion of judicial review	

____	94.	Why are powers divided between the national and state governments?
a.	to prevent the abuse of power	
b.	to make government larger	
c.	to help increase employment 	
d.	so states can make decisions	

____	95.	How is the Constitution organized?
a.	7 articles, 27 amendments, and the Declaration of Independence	
b.	a Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments	
c.	27 articles, a Preamble, and the Bill of Rights	
d.	a Bill of Rights, 7 articles, and 27 amendments	

____	96.	When people register to vote, which question must they answer?
a.	How long have you lived at your current address?	
b.	Do you understand the Bill of Rights?	
c.	What is your religion?	
d.	Have you paid your property taxes?	

____	97.	The fact that Democrats and Republicans take similar stands on many issues is a reflection of
a.	the lack of cultural diversity in the United States.	
b.	the lack of minor parties in American politics.	
c.	the way the two-party system originated.	
d.	the ideological consensus among the American people.	

____	98.	Which group is difficult to count but probably includes about one-third of all voters?
a.	Republicans	
b.	Democrats	
c.	independents	
d.	women	

____	99.	What is the main reason for nonvoting?
a.	the “time-zone fallout” problem	
b.	bad weather	
c.	lack of interest	
d.	registration requirements	

Government Final Exam
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	A
The Supremacy Clause prevents some conflicts between the states and the national government. It declares that the Constitution, along with the laws and treaties of the United States, are considered to be the supreme law of the land. This means that the Constitution stands above all other laws. Acts of Congress and treaties stand immediately beneath the Constitution.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.083	
OBJ:	4.1.4 Examine the Constitution as “the supreme Law of the Land.”	TOP:	Federalism | Supremacy Clause

	2.	ANS:	C
As committee members, senators and representatives screen proposed bills. They decide which measures will go on to floor consideration, where they can be acted upon by the full House or Senate.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.243	
OBJ:	10.4.2 Describe the duties performed by those who serve in Congress.	TOP:	Congress | Senate Committee

	3.	ANS:	A
Congress determines the President’s salary; currently, the President’s salary is $400,000 per year.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.368	
OBJ:	13.1.4 Describe the President’s pay and benefits.		TOP:	The Presidency | Presidential Pay

	4.	ANS:	D
If the office of Vice President becomes vacant, the 25th Amendment says that the President must nominate a Vice President. Both houses of Congress must confirm this nomination.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.321	
OBJ:	13.2.3 Describe the role of the Vice President.		TOP:	The Presidency | The Vice Presidency

	5.	ANS:	A
An amicus curiae brief allows someone who is not a party to a case, but who has a stake in the case, to present written arguments in support of one side in the dispute.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.257	
OBJ:	9.3.2 Describe how lobbyists influence the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
TOP:	Interest Groups | Amicus Curiae Brief

	6.	ANS:	C
Neither corporations nor labor unions can contribute directly to any candidate running for a federal office. Their political action committees (PACs), however, can and do. Contributions from foreign sources are also banned.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.204-A.205	
OBJ:	7.3.4 Outline the role of the Federal Election Commission in enforcing campaign finance laws.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Political Action Committee	

	7.	ANS:	C
According to the Framers’ plan, the President and Vice President are to be chosen by the electoral college, a special body of presidential electors chosen in each state.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.322-B.323	
OBJ:	13.3.1 Explain the Framers’ original provisions for choosing the President.	
TOP:	The Presidency | The Electoral College

	8.	ANS:	A
The Constitution requires that a senator must (1) be at least 30 years of age, (2) have been a citizen of the United States for at least nine years, and (3) be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.241	
OBJ:	10.3.4 Describe the qualifications for election to the Senate.	TOP:	Congress | Qualifications

	9.	ANS:	A
The Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause stipulates that no State can make unreasonable distinctions between its own and another State’s residents. However, the Clause does allow States to make reasonable distinctions between its residents and those of other States, as in the case of election residency requirements.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.114	
OBJ:	4.3.4 Explain the purpose of the Privileges and Immunities Clause.	
TOP:	Federalism | Privileges and Immunities Clause	

	10.	ANS:	C
The presidential candidate’s acceptance speech caps the convention and launches the party’s general election campaign.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.384	
OBJ:	13.4.4 Outline the events that take place during a national convention.		
TOP:	The Presidency | National Convention

	11.	ANS:	A
The House has 435 members, while the Senate has only 100 members.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.281	
OBJ:	10.3.1 Compare the size of the Senate to the size of the House of Representatives.
TOP:	Congress | Senate		

	12.	ANS:	D
The Articles of Confederation established “a firm league of friendship” among the States. Each State kept its “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.” In effect, the Articles created a structure that more closely resembled an alliance of independent states than a government of the people.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.048	
OBJ:	2.3.1 Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of Confederation.
TOP:	Foundations of American Government | Articles of Confederation

	13.	ANS:	D
Neither house of Congress may adjourn without the other’s consent. If the two houses cannot agree on a date for adjournment, Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution gives the President the power to prorogue, or end, the session, but no President has ever had to use that power.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.271	
OBJ:	10.1.3 Describe a situation in which the President may convene or end a session of Congress.
TOP:	President | Prorogue	

	14.	ANS:	C
As chief legislator, the President shapes public policy. In this role, the President may suggest that Congress enact laws he believes are needed.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.315	OBJ:	13.1.1 Describe the President’s many roles.
TOP:	The Presidency | Chief Legislator

	15.	ANS:	A
One part of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave federal officers the power to oversee the conduct of elections in certain states.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.129	
OBJ:	6.1.2 Identify and explain constitutional restrictions on the States’ power to set voting qualifications.
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Voting Rights Act of 1965

	16.	ANS:	C
The Constitution states that the National Government must protect each State against invasion. The federal system may also send troops into a State at the governor’s request and can aid areas stricken by nature. However, the National Government must recognize the physical boundaries of each State.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.104	
OBJ:	4.2.1 Summarize the obligations that the Constitution places on the National Government with regard to the States.
TOP:	Federalism | The Constitution

	17.	ANS:	A
Historical events can have a major impact on the views of large numbers of Americans. The social turmoil of the 1960s and 1970s, combined with events such as the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal, eroded many Americans’ confidence in the trustworthiness of the U.S. government.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.219	
OBJ:	8.1.3 Describe four other factors that shape public opinion.	
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Historical Events	

	18.	ANS:	C
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is an independent agency that is part of the executive branch. Congress set it up in 1974 to administer all federal laws concerning campaign finance. These laws are not well enforced because the FEC does not have a large enough staff or enough funding.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.171	
OBJ:	7.3.4 Outline the role of the Federal Election Commission in enforcing campaign finance laws.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Federal Election Commission	

	19.	ANS:	D
Although Franklin admitted that the Constitution might have faults, he said that he doubted “whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution. For when you assemble a number of men to have the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men, all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local interests, and their selfish views.”

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.058	
OBJ:	2.4.4 Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Constitution.	TOP:	The Constitution | Benjamin Franklin

	20.	ANS:	A
The Articles of Confederation did not give the Congress the power to tax or to regulate trade between the States. The Congress also did not have the power to make the States obey the Articles or the laws it made. These weaknesses led to disunity among the States.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.049-A.050	
OBJ:	2.3.2 Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles led to a critical period for the government in the 1780s.
TOP:	Foundations of American Government | Articles of Confederation

	21.	ANS:	B
A dictatorship is usually a one-party system because the ruling party does not allow opposing parties to exist.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.106	
OBJ:	5.1.4 Understand multiparty and one-party systems and how they affect the functioning of a political system.
TOP:	Political Parties | One-Party System

	22.	ANS:	D
Election results show what the people are thinking and may also show approval for a political party. After a successful election, the winning party may claim to have a mandate. That means that the party believes the public has given it the approval to carry out its campaign promises.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.186	
OBJ:	8.2.1 Describe the challenges involved in measuring public opinion.	TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Mandate

	23.	ANS:	A
The direct primary—an election held within a party to pick that party’s candidates for the general election—is the principal nominating method in American politics today.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.187-A.188	
OBJ:	7.1.3 Discuss the direct primary as the principal nominating method used in the United States today.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Direct Primary

	24.	ANS:	D
Congress does not have the power to regulate the use of money in State and local elections. However, it does regulate the use of money in presidential and congressional campaigns.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.203-A.204	
OBJ:	7.3.3 Examine federal laws that regulate campaign finance.	
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Campaign Finance Laws	

	25.	ANS:	D
Federal judges may be removed from office only through the impeachment process, which involves conviction and removal by the Senate.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.525	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	26.	ANS:	A
Political parties nominate candidates and control the election process.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.070	
OBJ:	3.3.3 Analyze the role of party practices and custom in interpreting the Constitution.
TOP:	The Constitution | Political Parties

	27.	ANS:	A
The 22nd Amendment was written to prevent any individual from being elected to the presidency more than twice. It was passed in the aftermath of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s third and fourth elections to the presidency in the 1940s, which broke the unwritten “no-third-term” custom.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.367	
OBJ:	13.1.3 Explain how the President’s term of office has changed over time.	
TOP:	The Presidency | Presidential Term

	28.	ANS:	D
Millions of Americans do not vote or only vote for some offices. Many of these nonvoters have no interest in politics.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.145	
OBJ:	6.4.1 Examine the problem of nonvoting in this country.	TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Nonvoters

	29.	ANS:	C
The election of 1800 introduced three new elements into the electoral process: party nominations for the presidency and vice presidency; the nomination of candidates for presidential electors in the States pledged to vote for their party’s presidential ticket; and the automatic casting of the electoral votes in line with those pledges.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.375-A.376	
OBJ:	13.3.2 Understand how the rise of political parties changed the process of choosing a President as set out in the Constitution.
TOP:	The Presidency | The Electoral Process

	30.	ANS:	B
With nomination by petition, candidates are nominated by means of petitions signed by a certain number of qualified voters in the election district.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.192	
OBJ:	7.1.4 Understand why some candidates use the petition as a nominating device.	
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Petition

	31.	ANS:	D
The U.S. government is a federal system. That means powers are divided between the national government and the states.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.010	
OBJ:	1.2.3 Identify different ways that power can be distributed, geographically, within a state.
TOP:	Forms of Government | Federalism

	32.	ANS:	C
The four characteristics of the state are population, territory, sovereignty, and government.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.005	
OBJ:	1.1.2 Describe the four defining characteristics of the state.	TOP:	Forms of Government | State

	33.	ANS:	A
A peer group is made up of people with whom one regularly associates, including friends, classmates, neighbors, and coworkers. A person’s peer group is able to influence the attitudes of group members because of the trust that is shared within the group.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.184	
OBJ:	8.1.3 Describe four other factors that shape public opinion.	
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Peer Group	

	34.	ANS:	C
Although there were many disagreements between the two plans, the most important one involved the representation of the States in Congress. The Virginia Plan proposed basing State representation on population or financial contributions, while the New Jersey Plan called for equal representation for each State.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.054-A.055	
OBJ:	2.4.2 Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.		
TOP:	The Constitution  | Virginia and New Jersey Plans	

	35.	ANS:	D
The New Jersey Plan called for a single house of Congress, with each of the states equally represented. The smaller states favored this plan because they feared that representation based on population or financial contributions would allow larger states to dominate the new government.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.038	
OBJ:	2.4.2 Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.		
TOP:	The Constitution | New Jersey Plan

	36.	ANS:	D
Due to time constraints and the volume of news to be conveyed, television seldom gives the kind of in-depth coverage that a good newspaper can supply.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.236	
OBJ:	8.3.3 Understand the factors that limit the influence of the media.	
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Television		

	37.	ANS:	A
The Senate is a continuous body, which means that all Senate seats are never up for election at the same time. Only one-third of the Senate membership is up for election every two years.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.283	
OBJ:	10.3.3 Explain how and why a senator’s term differs from a representative’s term.
TOP:	Congress | Senate		

	38.	ANS:	A
In the States where an absolute majority (rather than a plurality) of votes is needed for a candidate to win a primary election, a runoff primary will be held when no one wins a majority in a race. In that runoff, the top vote getters in the first primary face one another for the party’s nomination, with the winner becoming the nominee.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.190	
OBJ:	7.1.3 Discuss the direct primary as the principal nominating method used in the United States today.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Runoff Primary

	39.	ANS:	A
Many think the registration requirement should be abolished because it is a bar to voting, especially by the poor and less educated.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.159-A.160	
OBJ:	6.2.2 Explain the other requirements that States use or have used as voting qualifications.
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Registration

	40.	ANS:	C
The Articles of Confederation established “a firm league of friendship” among the states. Each state kept its “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.” In other words, the states controlled most of their own affairs.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.033-B.034	
OBJ:	2.3.1 Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of Confederation. | 2.3.2 Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles led to a critical period for the government in the 1780s.	
TOP:	Foundations of American Government | Articles of Confederation

	41.	ANS:	B
Duties are required of every citizen; responsibilities are only strongly encouraged. Thus, actions such as serving on a jury, attending school, and respecting others’ rights are duties; voting and volunteering are responsibilities.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.023	
OBJ:	1.3.1 Understand the foundations of democracy.		TOP:	Democracy | Citizen

	42.	ANS:	B
Duties are required of every citizen. Responsibilities are only strongly encouraged. Obeying the law is a duty.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.015	
OBJ:	1.3.1 Understand the foundations of democracy.		TOP:	Democracy | Citizenship

	43.	ANS:	B
Senators’ terms are staggered, so that only a third of the seats are up for election every two years. There is no limit on the number of terms a senator may serve, but this is also true of the House.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.241	OBJ:	10.3.2 Describe how senators are elected.
TOP:	Congress | Senate		

	44.	ANS:	A
The Supreme Court is the only court specifically created by the Constitution, in Article III, Section 1. The Constitution leaves to Congress the creation of the inferior courts, which include both the constitutional courts and the special courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.520-A.521	
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	45.	ANS:	D
Each party’s national convention meets to name its presidential candidate, hopes to unify the party behind its candidates, and adopts the party’s platform. Party delegates are not selected at the convention, however, and each party has its own rules governing delegate selection.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.381-A.382	
OBJ:	13.4.3 Understand the caucus-convention process.		TOP:	The Presidency | Convention

	46.	ANS:	B
Voters are required to register mainly to prevent people from voting more than once.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.134	
OBJ:	6.2.2 Explain the other requirements that States use or have used as voting qualifications.
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Voter Registration	

	47.	ANS:	B
Supporters of splinter parties were once part of a major party. Examples include the Progressive Party, States’ Rights (Dixiecrat) Party, and the American Independent Party.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.114	
OBJ:	5.3.1 Identify the types of minor parties that have been active in American politics.
TOP:	Political Parties | Splinter Parties

	48.	ANS:	C
Propaganda is a technique of persuasion that relies on creating beliefs among the audience.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.259	
OBJ:	9.3.4  Identify how interest groups use media, propaganda, and political campaigns to influence public opinion and policy.
TOP:	Interest Groups | Propaganda

	49.	ANS:	B
The electoral college system has three major flaws: the winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency; electors are not required to vote in agreement with the popular vote; and any election might have to be decided in the House of Representatives.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.389	
OBJ:	13.5.3 Identify several flaws in the electoral college system.	TOP:	The Presidency | Electoral College

	50.	ANS:	B
The Constitution prevents states from entering into any treaty, alliance, or confederation. However, the states can enter into interstate compacts with the consent of Congress.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.091	
OBJ:	4.3.1 Examine why States form interstate compacts.		TOP:	Federalism | Interstate Compact

	51.	ANS:	C
The Federalists believed the National Government should be made stronger, while Anti-Federalists wanted to reserve more power for the States.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.130-A.131	
OBJ:	5.2.1 Understand the origins of political parties in the United States.	
TOP:	Political Parties | Federalists and Anti-Federalists	

	52.	ANS:	A
The 24th Amendment forbids States from requiring payment of any tax as a condition for taking part in the nomination or election of any federal officeholder.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.155	
OBJ:	6.1.2 Identify and explain constitutional restrictions on the States’ power to set voting qualifications.
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | 24th Amendment	

	53.	ANS:	D
Each President may serve a maximum of two full terms—eight years—in office. A President who succeeds to the office after the midpoint in a term could finish out the predecessor’s term and then be elected to two full terms, for a total of 10 years in office.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.367	
OBJ:	13.1.3 Explain how the President’s term of office has changed over time.	
TOP:	The Presidency | Presidential Term

	54.	ANS:	C
Concurrent jurisdiction is the shared power of state and federal courts to hear certain cases.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Jurisdiction	

	55.	ANS:	B
Property ownership requirements for voting were eliminated in the early 1800s.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.129	
OBJ:	6.1.1 Summarize the history of voting rights in the United States.	TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Suffrage

	56.	ANS:	A
After the Constitution was written, controversy arose surrounding it. Some people believed that a guarantee of individual rights and freedoms was absolutely essential to limit the power of the new national government proposed by the Framers. Many people refused to support the Constitution unless the Bill of Rights was added to it.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.063	
OBJ:	3.2.3 Understand that several amendments have been proposed, but not ratified.	
TOP:	The Constitution | Bill of Rights

	57.	ANS:	A
The Constitution gives the President the power to appoint Supreme court justices. Once the President makes the appointment, the Senate must confirm it.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	58.	ANS:	C
A national convention has three main goals: 1) naming the party’s presidential and vice presidential candidates, 2) promoting party unity, and 3) adopting the party’s platform.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.328	
OBJ:	13.4.4 Outline the events that take place during a national convention.		
TOP:	The Presidency | National Conventions

	59.	ANS:	B
A caucus is a nominating device in which a group of like-minded people meet to select the candidates they will support in an upcoming election. In the early history of the United States, caucuses were usually small groups of influential people.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.185	
OBJ:	7.1.2 Describe self-announcement, the caucus, and the convention as nominating methods.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Caucus

	60.	ANS:	D
In the United States, a presidential election is held every four years. Wars and other crises have never prevented an election.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.331	
OBJ:	13.5.1 Describe the features of the presidential campaign.	TOP:	The Presidency | The Electoral Process

	61.	ANS:	A
Appellate courts review only issues of law. Their judges cannot ask for new facts to be presented. They may overrule or modify the decision of the lower court or send a case back to a lower court for a new trial.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446| B.452	
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction. | 18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Appellate Courts

	62.	ANS:	C
Political parties serve as a way to organize people who share similar ideas and goals for the purpose of winning elections and controlling government.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.103	OBJ:	5.1.1 Define a political party.
TOP:	Political Parties | Purpose of Political Parties		

	63.	ANS:	D
The prosperity of the 1950s gave the American people a largely optimistic view of the future and of the place of the United States in the world. That positive outlook was reflected in a generally favorable, even respectful, attitude toward government.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.219	
OBJ:	8.1.3 Describe four other factors that shape public opinion.	
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Historic Events	

	64.	ANS:	A
The 13th Amendment, passed just after the Civil War ended, abolished slavery.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.064	
OBJ:	3.2.3 Understand that several amendments have been proposed, but not ratified.	
TOP:	The Constitution | 13th Amendment

	65.	ANS:	A
Before the 25th Amendment was adopted in 1967, there were no guidelines in the Constitution for deciding what to do when a President was disabled. The 25th Amendment says that the Vice President will become Acting President if the President informs Congress that he or she cannot carry out the duties of the office. Or, the Vice President and a majority of the members of the Cabinet can inform Congress that the President is disabled.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.320	
OBJ:	13.2.2 Understand the constitutional provisions relating to presidential disability.	
TOP:	The Presidency | Presidential Succession

	66.	ANS:	D
A term of Congress lasts for two years. Each term has two sessions, so a term is longer.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.233	
OBJ:	10.1.2 Explain the difference between a term and a session of Congress.		
TOP:	Congress | Term		

	67.	ANS:	B
By the terms of the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, the Speaker of the House follows the Vice President in the line of succession. After the Speaker comes the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Secretary of State, and then each of the other 14 heads of the Cabinet.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.320	
OBJ:	13.2.1 Explain how the Constitution provides for presidential succession.	
TOP:	The Presidency | Presidential Succession

	68.	ANS:	D
The Internet has transformed the way people get political information. Instead of merely receiving information, people are e-mailing, podcasting, and creating videos to add their voices to political discussion.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.233	
OBJ:	8.3.1 Examine the role of the mass media in providing the public with political information.
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Internet

	69.	ANS:	C
Senators and representatives work for the people who elect them. They cast hundreds of votes for or against laws during each session of Congress.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.243	
OBJ:	10.4.2 Describe the duties performed by those who serve in Congress.	TOP:	Congress | Duties

	70.	ANS:	B
If neither presidential candidate wins a majority in the electoral college, the election is decided in the House of Representatives.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.333	
OBJ:	13.5.3 Identify several flaws in the electoral college system.	TOP:	The Presidency | Electoral College

	71.	ANS:	B
In a parliamentary democracy, voters select members of the legislature, or parliament. The chief executive is, in turn, selected by the majority party or coalition in the legislature.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.018	
OBJ:	1.2.4 Describe a government by how power is distributed between the executive branch and legislative branch.
TOP:	Forms of Government | Parliamentary Government	

	72.	ANS:	C
President Franklin D. Roosevelt broke the “no-third-term tradition” established by George Washington when he sought and won third and fourth terms in office. As a result, Congress passed the 22nd Amendment which limits Presidents to two terms in office.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.071	
OBJ:	3.3.3 Analyze the role of party practices and custom in interpreting the Constitution.
TOP:	The Constitution | 22nd Amendment

	73.	ANS:	C
Senators serve for six-year terms, while members of the House serve for two-year terms.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.283	
OBJ:	10.3.3 Explain how and why a senator’s term differs from a representative’s term.
TOP:	Senate | Term

	74.	ANS:	B
Federalists believed that a system of checks and balances would help ensure that the new government would not abuse its power.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.042	
OBJ:	2.5.1 Identify the opposing sides in the fight for ratification and describe the major arguments for and against the proposed Constitution.	TOP:	The Constitution  | Federalists

	75.	ANS:	A
Federalism is the system under which the national government and the states share power.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.056| B.062-B.063	
OBJ:	3.1.2 Understand the six basic principles of the Constitution: popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. | 3.2.2 Explain how the formal amendment process illustrates the principles of federalism and popular sovereignty.		TOP:	The Constitution | Federalism

	76.	ANS:	A
According to the divine right theory, God created the state and gave those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.008	
OBJ:	1.1.3 Identify four theories that attempt to explain the origin of the state		
TOP:	Forms of Government | Divine Right Theory		

	77.	ANS:	D
Television is the principal source of news for about 80 percent of the population.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.229	
OBJ:	8.3.1 Examine the role of the mass media in providing the public with political information.
TOP:	Mass Media and Public Opinion | Television		

	78.	ANS:	D
The Connecticut Compromise combined aspects of the New Jersey and Virginia Plans, ensuring that small States would be equally represented in one branch of Congress.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.056	
OBJ:	2.4.3 Summarize the convention’s major compromises and the effects of those decisions.
TOP:	The Constitution  | Connecticut Compromise		

	79.	ANS:	D
In Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court struck down all but one of the spending limits set by the FECA Amendments of 1974. As a result, the only limit still on the books applies only to presidential (not congressional) elections. This limit is a cap on spending by those presidential contenders who accept FEC subsidies for their preconvention and/or their general election campaigns.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.206-A.207	
OBJ:	7.3.4 Outline the role of the Federal Election Commission in enforcing campaign finance laws.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Campaign Spending		

	80.	ANS:	C
Since Britain needed to raise money to pay its debts, it placed high taxes on certain goods through laws such as the Stamp Act of 1765. This angered the colonists. Because the colonies had no representatives in Parliament, they thought of this as taxation without representation.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.028-B.029	
OBJ:	2.2.1 Explain how Britain’s colonial policies contributed to the growth of self-government in the colonies. 
TOP:	Foundations of American Government | Colonies	

	81.	ANS:	B
In the disputed presidential election of 2000, there were problems with reading punch card ballots. This led to the passage of the Help America Vote Act, which required states to stop using punch card ballots.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.166	
OBJ:	7.2.3 Describe the various ways in which voters can cast their ballots. | 7.2.4 Outline the role that voting devices play in the election process.	TOP:	The Electoral Process | Punch Card Ballots		

	82.	ANS:	B
The first three articles of the Constitution deal with the organization and powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.069	
OBJ:	3.1.1 Understand the basic outline of the Constitution.	TOP:	Constitutional Principles | The Constitution

	83.	ANS:	B
Direct lobbying involves face-to-face contact with policymakers.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.217	
OBJ:	9.3.1 Understand the difference between the direct and indirect approaches of interest groups.
TOP:	Interest Groups | Lobbying	

	84.	ANS:	A
Some people insist that the United States is a republic rather than a democracy because political power is exercised by representatives chosen by the people rather than by the people themselves.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.013	
OBJ:	1.2.2 Define systems of government based on who can participate.	TOP:	Democracy | Republic

	85.	ANS:	B
Federal campaign finance law prohibits an individual from making a contribution in the name of another. Cash gifts of more than $100 are banned, as are contributions and spending from any foreign source.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.204-A.205	
OBJ:	7.3.4 Outline the role of the Federal Election Commission in enforcing campaign finance laws.
TOP:	The Electoral Process | Campaign Finance Laws	

	86.	ANS:	A
In the royal colonies, the king named the governor and a council to give advice to the governor.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.025	
OBJ:	2.1.3 Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North American colonies.
TOP:	Foundations of American Government | Royal Colony	

	87.	ANS:	B	PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.534
OBJ:	18.3.3 Examine how cases reach the Supreme Court.		TOP:	The Judiciary | Writ of Certiorari

	88.	ANS:	A
In a democratic society made up of many individuals and groups with differing opinions, decisions cannot be made without compromise.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.014	
OBJ:	1.3.1 Understand the foundations of democracy.		TOP:	Democracy | Compromise

	89.	ANS:	C
Only the Supreme Court can exercise both original and appellate jurisdiction.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446| B.455	
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction. | 18.3.2 Outline the scope of the Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	90.	ANS:	C
The Constitution says that a member of the House must (1) be at least 25 years of age, (2) have been a citizen of the United States for at least seven years, and (3) be an inhabitant of the State from which he or she is elected. Longstanding custom, not the Constitution, requires that a representative must live in the district he or she represents.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.279	
OBJ:	10.2.4 Analyze the formal and informal qualifications for election to the House.	
TOP:	House of Representatives | Qualifications

	91.	ANS:	D
A system of checks and balances allows each branch of the Federal Government to check the power of the other branches.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.072	
OBJ:	3.1.2 Understand the six basic principles of the Constitution: popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism.			TOP:	The Constitution | Checks and Balances

	92.	ANS:	A
The keynote address is usually delivered by one of the party’s greatest speakers. It typically glorifies the party, its history, its leaders, and its programs; criticizes the other party; and predicts a great victory for the party and its candidates in November.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.383	
OBJ:	13.4.4 Outline the events that take place during a national convention.		
TOP:	The Presidency | Keynote Address

	93.	ANS:	C
The first three articles of the Constitution create the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Federal Government.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.069	
OBJ:	3.1.1 Understand the basic outline of the Constitution.	TOP:	The Constitution | Articles

	94.	ANS:	A
The Framers wanted a limited government with powers divided between the national and state governments. They hoped that this system would help to prevent the abuse of government power and preserve the independence of the states.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.078	
OBJ:	4.1.1 Define federalism and explain why the Framers chose this system.		
TOP:	Federalism | The Constitution

	95.	ANS:	B
The Constitution begins with a Preamble that states the purpose of the document. The Preamble is followed by 7 articles and 27 amendments.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.050-B.051	
OBJ:	3.1.1 Understand the basic outline of the Constitution.	
TOP:	The Constitution | Outline of the Constitution	

	96.	ANS:	A
When registering to vote, a person must give his or her address and information about how long he or she has lived there. This proves that the new voter is a legal resident of the state.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.132	
OBJ:	6.2.1 Identify the universal requirements for voting in the United States.		
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Registration

	97.	ANS:	D
Although the United States is a pluralistic society, there is a broad consensus on fundamental matters. This ideological consensus means that each of the two major parties takes policy stands that do not differ a great deal from those of the other major party.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.127-A.128	
OBJ:	5.1.3 Identify the reasons why the United States has a two-party system.		
TOP:	Political Parties | Consensus

	98.	ANS:	C
Independents do not belong to any political party. They are difficult to count because they do not register as members of a party, but it is estimated that they are about one-third of all voters.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.148	
OBJ:	6.4.4 Understand the sociological and psychological factors that affect voting and voter behavior.
TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Independent Voters	

	99.	ANS:	C
Although inconvenient registration requirements, bad weather, and the time-zone fallout problem may all discourage voter turnout, the chief cause for nonvoting is simply a lack of interest. The people who fall into this category are usually woefully uninformed and just cannot be bothered.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.173	
OBJ:	6.4.2 Identify those people who typically do not vote.		TOP:	Voters and Voter Behavior | Nonvoting