Govt Ch. 18 Practice TEST

Multiple Choice  Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	Which is true about the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces?
a.	It is made up of military officers.	
b.	It is a civilian tribunal.	
c.	It is a court for veterans’ claims.	
d.	It is a military tribunal.	

____	2.	A justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to which courts?
a.	courts of appeals	
b.	bankruptcy courts	
c.	district courts	
d.	special courts	

____	3.	Which courts have been set up by Congress for Guam and the Northern Marianas?
a.	territorial courts	
b.	island courts	
c.	district courts	
d.	protectorate courts	

____	4.	What is required for a case to come before the Supreme Court?
a.	majority jurisdiction	
b.	a constitutional question	
c.	concurring jurisdiction	
d.	a presidential request	

____	5.	Most of the cases that are appealed to the Supreme Court are
a.	denied.	
b.	remanded to a lower court.	
c.	decided with full opinions.	
d.	disposed of in brief orders.	

____	6.	What are the U.S. district courts? 
a.	part of the territorial courts	
b.	the federal trial courts	
c.	part of the special courts	
d.	the federal appellate courts	

____	7.	Why is the court system in the United States called a dual court system?
a.	It has both state and federal courts.	
b.	It has both trial courts and courts of appeals.	
c.	It has both a Supreme Court and inferior courts.	
d.	It has both civilian and military courts.	

____	8.	Where do cases heard by the U.S. Tax Court come from?
a.	bankruptcy courts	
b.	Court of Federal Claims	
c.	Internal Revenue Service	
d.	federal courts of appeals	

____	9.	Which court hears appeals relating to patents and copyrights?
a.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
b.	the U.S. Tax Court	
c.	the Court of International Trade	
d.	the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia	

____	10.	What is required for the Supreme Court to reach a decision? 
a.	agreement of all the justices and the Senate	
b.	a majority vote of the nine justices	
c.	a minority vote of the nine justices	
d.	agreement of all the justices and the President	

____	11.	Which court hears cases from the Internal Revenue Service?
a.	the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims	
b.	the U.S. Court of Federal Claims	
c.	the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	
d.	the U.S. Tax Court	

____	12.	What kind of jurisdiction allows a state or a federal court to hear a case?
a.	exclusive jurisdiction	
b.	appellate jurisdiction	
c.	concurrent jurisdiction	
d.	original jurisdiction	

____	13.	A justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to each of 
a.	the courts of appeals.	
b.	the bankruptcy courts.	
c.	the special courts.	
d.	the district courts.	

____	14.	When certiorari is denied, it means that the justices of the Supreme Court
a.	could not agree to accept the case for review.	
b.	agree with the decision of a lower court.	
c.	believe that the case is not significant.	
d.	disagree with the decision of a lower court.	

____	15.	Which of the following courts would try customs cases?
a.	the Court of Federal Claims	
b.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
c.	the U.S. Tax Court	
d.	the Court of International Trade	

____	16.	Why is the Supreme Court’s decision in the case Marbury v. Madison important today?
a.	because it allows the Supreme Court to overrule an unconstitutional law	
b.	because it allows the Supreme Court to hear cases in its original jurisdiction	
c.	because it allows the Supreme Court to hear cases on appeal from a lower court	
d.	because it allows the President to overrule an unconstitutional law	

____	17.	Federal appeals court judges hear appeals cases from district courts. What would happen if the appeals court decided that a trial by a district court was fair?
a.	The case would go back to district court for a new trial.	
b.	The district court’s decision would be switched.	
c.	The district court’s decision would stand.	
d.	The Supreme Court would hear the case.	

____	18.	The U.S. court system is called a dual court system because it has
a.	civilian and military courts.	
b.	both a Supreme Court and inferior courts.	
c.	both trial courts and courts of appeals.	
d.	both State and federal courts.	

____	19.	What does it mean when a Supreme Court justice issues a dissenting opinion?
a.	The justice agrees with the majority opinion.	
b.	The majority opinion is wrong.	
c.	The majority opinion will be corrected.	
d.	The justice disagrees with the majority opinion.	

____	20.	Federal judges may be removed from office only by the
a.	President.	
b.	House of Representatives.	
c.	Senate.	
d.	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.	

____	21.	Which was set up by Article III of the Constitution?
a.	judicial branch	
b.	concurrent courts	
c.	legislative branch	
d.	state courts	

____	22.	A judge who supports judicial restraint might believe which of the following?
a.	Make new policy through interpreting the law.	
b.	Follow precedent and the original intent of the law.	
c.	Interpret the law in relation to current values in society.	
d.	Be less concerned about precedent when interpreting the law.	

____	23.	Which of these courts hears customs cases?
a.	United States Tax Court	
b.	Court of Federal Claims	
c.	Territorial Court	
d.	Court of International Trade	

____	24.	What would a federal appeals court do when considering a case?
a.	ask lawyers to explain new evidence in the case	
b.	ask a jury to help review the new facts in the case	
c.	review the original trial record of the case	
d.	ask Congress to pass new laws to apply to the case	

____	25.	Which court often holds trials in major ports like New Orleans, San Francisco, and New York?
a.	the Court of Federal Claims	
b.	the Court of International Trade	
c.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
d.	the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims	

____	26.	After the President appoints a new Supreme Court justice, what committee holds hearings to consider the qualifications of the appointee?
a.	the Executive Judiciary Committee	
b.	the Appeals Court Judiciary Committee  	
c.	the House Judiciary Committee	
d.	the Senate Judiciary Committee	

____	27.	Which opinions are issued for a unanimous Supreme Court decision?
a.	a majority opinion and a dissenting opinion	
b.	a majority opinion, a concurring opinion, and a dissenting opinion	
c.	a concurring opinion only	
d.	a majority opinion only or a majority and concurring opinions	

____	28.	Which court often holds trials in major ports that import large amounts of foreign goods?
a.	the Court of Federal Claims	
b.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
c.	the Court of International Trade	
d.	the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims	

____	29.	Which of the following courts was specifically created by the Constitution?
a.	the Supreme Court only	
b.	the Supreme Court and the constitutional courts	
c.	the Supreme Court and the U.S. Courts of Appeals	
d.	the Supreme Court and the special courts	

____	30.	Most of the cases heard by the U.S. Tax Court are generated by the
a.	Court of Federal Claims.	
b.	bankruptcy courts.	
c.	federal courts of appeals.	
d.	Internal Revenue Service.	

____	31.	How many justices must agree to a Supreme Court decision?
a.	at least five	
b.	all of them	
c.	at least four associate justices and the Chief Justice	
d.	at least four	

____	32.	Who must confirm federal judges?
a.	President	
b.	House of Representatives	
c.	Senate	
d.	a state majority	

____	33.	In which does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction? 
a.	cases requiring judicial review	
b.	cases involving a dispute between foreign nations	
c.	cases involving two or more states	
d.	cases involving the armed forces	

____	34.	Which courts greatly reduce the number of cases the Supreme Court has to hear? 
a.	the special courts	
b.	the district courts	
c.	the appeals courts	
d.	the territorial courts	

____	35.	Which courts were created to reduce the number of cases the Supreme Court had to hear? 
a.	the appeals courts	
b.	the district courts	
c.	the special courts	
d.	the territorial courts	

____	36.	How is the appointment of a Supreme Court justice made?
a.	The Senate appoints the justice; the President approves it.	
b.	The Speaker of the House appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	
c.	The judicial branch appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	
d.	The President appoints the justice; the Senate approves it.	

____	37.	Which of the following statements about the Supreme Court is true?
a.	Its decisions are final and cannot be heard again.	
b.	It is the only court that rules on constitutional questions.	
c.	Most of the cases it hears are under its original jurisdiction.	
d.	It hears most of the appeals from the district courts.	

____	38.	Which is a belief of those who support judicial activism?
a.	Interpret the Constitution by taking into account ongoing changes in society.	
b.	Let policy decisions be made by the legislative and executive branches.	
c.	Always follow existing legal principles and precedent.	
d.	Make decisions based on the intent of the Framers.	

____	39.	Which of the following court(s) handles the most federal cases?
a.	special courts	
b.	district courts	
c.	Supreme Court	
d.	courts of appeals	

____	40.	What does the Constitution say about how a federal judge can be removed from office?
a.	The judge must be removed by an order of the President.	
b.	The judge must be removed by an order of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.	
c.	The judge must be removed by the impeachment process.	
d.	The judge must be removed by the governor of the state where he or she serves.	

____	41.	Most of the Supreme Court’s cases come to it
a.	by certificate.	
b.	because it has original jurisdiction in the cases.	
c.	on appeal from the federal courts of appeals and the highest State courts.	
d.	on appeal from the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.	

____	42.	Which of the following is more likely to hear cases involving citizens of other countries?
a.	courts-martial	
b.	military commissions	
c.	the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.	
d.	the Court of Federal Claims.	

____	43.	Which of the following officials are appointed for life?
a.	judges of the constitutional courts	
b.	judges of the special courts	
c.	U.S. magistrates	
d.	U.S. marshals	

____	44.	In which of the following cases would State courts, rather than federal courts, have jurisdiction?
a.	a case involving an ambassador of a foreign government	
b.	a suit dealing with copyright infringement	
c.	a case involving citizens of different States when the amount is less than $75,000	
d.	a dispute over a contract to deliver ship supplies at dockside	

____	45.	Which of the following court officers may respond to riots and other emergency situations?
a.	U.S. magistrates	
b.	U.S. marshals	
c.	U.S. attorneys	
d.	U.S. bailiffs	

____	46.	Marbury v. Madison was the first time the Supreme Court
a.	reached a unanimous decision.	
b.	declared an act of Congress unconstitutional.	
c.	heard a case in its original jurisdiction.	
d.	heard a case on appeal from a lower court.	

____	47.	Which of the following statements about the Supreme Court is true?
a.	It hears most of the appeals from the district courts.	
b.	It is the “court of first instance” for most federal cases.	
c.	It is the “court of last resort” for all federal cases.	
d.	It is the only court with the power of judicial review.	

____	48.	What is the court of last resort in most cases that involve offenses against military law? 
a.	the court-martial	
b.	the Supreme Court	
c.	the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims	
d.	the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	

____	49.	Because the U.S. government cannot be sued by anyone without its consent, Congress has set up a special court called ____ to handle such cases.
a.	the Congressional Court	
b.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
c.	the Court of Federal Claims	
d.	the District of Columbia Court	

____	50.	Territorial courts are similar in function to
a.	district courts.	
b.	appeals courts.	
c.	local courts.	
d.	constitutional courts.	

____	51.	When a plaintiff has money claims against the federal government, in which court would the case be tried?
a.	the Congressional Court	
b.	the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit	
c.	the Court of Federal Claims	
d.	the District of Columbia Court	

____	52.	Who must confirm federal judges?
a.	the President	c.	the House of Representatives	
b.	the Senate	d.	the governor of the State in which the federal judge is to serve	

____	53.	A President who wants to see court rulings changed to reflect his or her values would most likely
a.	appoint a proponent of judicial activism.	c.	appoint a member of the opposing party.	
b.	appoint a proponent of judicial restraint.	d.	try to remove federal judges who did not agree with those values.	

____	54.	Which of the following are the government’s prosecutors?
a.	U.S. magistrates	c.	U.S. marshals	
b.	U.S. Attorneys	d.	U.S. bailiffs 	

____	55.	Which  is true about federal judges of both constitutional and special courts?
a.	They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the House.	
b.	They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.	
c.	They are appointed for fifteen years.	
d.	They are appointed for life.	

____	56.	In which of the following cases would a state court have jurisdiction rather than a federal court?
a.	a case involving an ambassador of a foreign government	
b.	a case involving a disagreement between two states	
c.	a case involving the robbery of a grocery store	
d.	a case involving a crime committed on a U.S. ship at sea	

____	57.	What was a problem of the state court system under the Articles of Confederation?
a.	Each state interpreted the laws differently.	
b.	The states protested the dual court system.	
c.	The states disagreed with the Supreme Court.	
d.	The states disagreed with the U.S. Courts of Appeals.	

____	58.	Which of the following statements about appellate courts is true?
a.	Appellate courts retry cases.	
b.	Appellate court judges ask for new facts to be presented in the cases they review.	
c.	Appellate courts may overrule or modify decisions of lower courts.	
d.	Appellate courts have original jurisdiction in the cases they review.	

____	59.	Which of the following court officers may respond to terrorist attacks and other emergency situations?
a.	U.S. magistrates	
b.	U.S. marshals	
c.	U.S. attorneys	
d.	U.S. bailiffs	

____	60.	The courts set up by Congress for the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands are called
a.	district courts.	
b.	island courts	
c.	territorial courts.	
d.	protectorate courts.	

Govt Ch. 18 TEST
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	B
The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is a civilian tribunal entirely separate from the military.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.458	
OBJ:	18.4.1 Contrast the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

	2.	ANS:	A
One Supreme Court justice is assigned to each court of appeals.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.452	
OBJ:	18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Courts of Appeals

	3.	ANS:	A
The Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Marianas are U.S. territories, so their courts are called territorial courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.460	
OBJ:	18.4.3 Examine the roles of the territorial courts and those of the District of Columbia courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Territorial Courts

	4.	ANS:	B
Someone has to challenge or question the law involved in a case before it can go to the Supreme Court.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.455	
OBJ:	18.3.3 Examine how cases reach the Supreme Court.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	5.	ANS:	A
More than 8,000 cases are appealed to the Supreme Court each year, but the Court accepts only a few hundred for decision.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.534	
OBJ:	18.3.3 Examine how cases reach the Supreme Court.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	6.	ANS:	B
The district courts are the main trial courts, with original jurisdiction over many federal criminal and civil cases.  The only federal cases that do not begin in the district courts are those that fall within the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Court of International Trade, or one of the special courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.450	
OBJ:	18.2.1 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal district courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. District Courts		

	7.	ANS:	A
There are two separate court systems in the United States—the federal court system and state court systems in each of the 50 states.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.444	
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Dual Court System

	8.	ANS:	C
The Tax Court hears cases involving disputes over the application of tax laws. Thus, most of its cases come from the Internal Revenue Service and other Treasury Department agencies.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.460	
OBJ:	18.4.4 Explain what types of cases are brought to the Tax Court.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Tax Court

	9.	ANS:	A
The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit handles appeals in certain types of federal civil cases, including any patent, copyright, or trademark case decided in any of the federal district courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.531	
OBJ:	18.2.3 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

	10.	ANS:	B
A majority of the Supreme Court justices is required to decide which party wins or loses a case or whether a lower court ruling should be affirmed or reversed.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.456	
OBJ:	18.3.4 Summarize the way the Court operates.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	11.	ANS:	D
The U.S. Tax Court hears cases concerning payment of federal taxes. The cases come from the Internal Revenue Service and other Treasury Department agencies.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.460	
OBJ:	18.4.4 Explain what types of cases are brought to the Tax Court.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Tax Court

	12.	ANS:	C
Concurrent jurisdiction is the shared power of state and federal courts to hear certain cases.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Jurisdiction

	13.	ANS:	A
Each of the U.S courts of appeals is composed of 6 to 28 circuit judges, plus a justice of the Supreme Court.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.531	
OBJ:	18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Courts of Appeals

	14.	ANS:	A
When certiorari is denied, the denial is not a decision on the merits of the case. It simply means that four or more justices could not agree that the Supreme Court should accept that particular case for review.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.534	
OBJ:	18.3.3 Examine how cases reach the Supreme Court.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Writ of Certiorari

	15.	ANS:	D
The Court of International Trade tries all civil cases arising out of the nation’s customs and other trade-related laws.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.531	
OBJ:	18.2.3 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of International Trade	

	16.	ANS:	A
Marbury v. Madison established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review, which is the power to declare acts of governments unconstitutional.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.455	
OBJ:	18.3.1 Define the concept of judicial review.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Judicial Review

	17.	ANS:	C
If the federal appeals court judges decide that a district court trial is fair, the district court decision stands.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.452	
OBJ:	18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Appellate Courts

	18.	ANS:	D
There are two separate court systems in the United States—the federal court system and State court systems in each of the 50 States.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.521	
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Dual Court System

	19.	ANS:	D
A dissenting opinion is written by those justices who do not agree with the Court’s decision.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.456	
OBJ:	18.3.4 Summarize the way the Court operates.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	20.	ANS:	C
Federal judges may be removed from office only through the impeachment process, which involves conviction and removal by the Senate.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.525	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	21.	ANS:	A
Article III of the Constitution set up the judicial branch of the United States government. The judicial branch includes all of the federal courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.444	
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Courts

	22.	ANS:	B
Supporters of judicial restraint believe that the courts should consider precedent and the original intent of the law when making decisions about a case.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.447	
OBJ:	18.1.4 Understand the impact of judicial philosophy.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Judicial Restraint

	23.	ANS:	D
The Court of International Trade tries all civil cases arising out of the nation’s customs and other trade-related laws.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.452	
OBJ:	18.2.3 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of International Trade	

	24.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	25.	ANS:	B
The Court of International Trade tries cases that arise out of the nation’s customs and other trade-related laws, so it often holds trials in major ports.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.531	
OBJ:	18.2.3 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of International Trade	

	26.	ANS:	D
The President appoints Supreme Court justices. The Senate Judiciary Committee then holds hearings to whether the appointee should be confirmed or rejected.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.454	
OBJ:	18.3.4 Summarize the way the Court operates.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	27.	ANS:	D
A dissenting opinion is written by justices who do not agree with the Court’s majority decision. If a Court decision is unanimous, there would be no dissenting opinion, but there would always be a majority opinion—“the opinion of the Court”—and there could also be a concurring opinion if one or more justices want to make some point not made or not emphasized in the majority opinion.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.537	
OBJ:	18.3.4 Summarize the way the Court operates.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	28.	ANS:	C
The Court of International Trade tries cases that arise out of the nation’s customs and other trade-related laws, so it often holds trials in major ports.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.452	
OBJ:	18.2.3 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of International Trade	

	29.	ANS:	A
The Supreme Court is the only court specifically created by the Constitution, in Article III, Section 1. The Constitution leaves to Congress the creation of the inferior courts, which include both the constitutional courts and the special courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.520-A.521		
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	30.	ANS:	D
The Tax Court hears cases involving disputes over the application of tax laws. Thus, most of its cases are generated by the Internal Revenue Service and other Treasury Department agencies.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.540	
OBJ:	18.4.4 Explain what types of cases are brought to the Tax Court.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Tax Court

	31.	ANS:	A
A majority of the Supreme Court justices must decide which party wins or loses a case. Since there are nine justices, five or more is a majority.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.536	
OBJ:	18.3.4 Summarize the way the Court operates.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	32.	ANS:	C
Although the President selects federal judges, the Senate must confirm them.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	33.	ANS:	C
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over all cases involving two or more states and all cases brought against ambassadors or other public ministers, but not consuls.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.455	
OBJ:	18.3.2 Outline the scope of the Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	34.	ANS:	C
The appeals courts hear most of the appeals cases. They were created to relieve the Supreme Court of much of the burden of hearing appeals from the decisions of the district courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.451	
OBJ:	18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Appeals Courts

	35.	ANS:	A
The courts of appeals were created as “gatekeepers” to relieve the Supreme Court of much of the burden of hearing appeals from the decisions of the district courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.530	
OBJ:	18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Appeals Courts

	36.	ANS:	D
The Constitution gives the President the power to appoint Supreme court justices. Once the President makes the appointment, the Senate must confirm it.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	37.	ANS:	A
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the nation. Its decisions are final and cannot be appealed, or heard again.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.454	
OBJ:	18.3.2 Outline the scope of the Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	38.	ANS:	A
Those who support judicial activism believe that judges should interpret the Constitution in light of the changes in conditions and values in present-day society.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.447	
OBJ:	18.1.4 Understand the impact of judicial philosophy.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Judicial Activism

	39.	ANS:	B
U.S. district courts handle about 80 percent of the federal caseload.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.450	
OBJ:	18.2.1 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal district courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | District Courts

	40.	ANS:	C
Federal judges may be removed from office only through the impeachment process.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.447	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	41.	ANS:	C
Although the Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction, most of its cases come to it on appeal, from the federal courts of appeals and the highest State courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.534	
OBJ:	18.3.3 Examine how cases reach the Supreme Court.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	42.	ANS:	B
Military commissions try “unlawful enemy combatants”—mostly suspected terrorists captured by American forces—who are generally citizens of other countries.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.539	
OBJ:	18.4.1 Contrast the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Military Commissions

	43.	ANS:	A
Judges of the special courts serve 15-year terms, U.S. magistrates serve eight-year terms, and U.S. marshals serve four-year terms. Only judges of the constitutional courts are appointed for life.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.525-A.526		
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office. | 18.1.5 Examine the roles of federal court officers.			TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	44.	ANS:	C
Although federal and State courts have concurrent jurisdiction in cases involving citizens of different States, Congress has provided that federal courts may hear such cases of diverse citizenship only when the amount of money involved is at least $75,000.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.522-A.523		
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Jurisdiction

	45.	ANS:	B
U.S. marshals perform duties like those of county sheriffs, and they may also respond to such emergency situations as riots, mob violence, and terrorist incidents.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.526	
OBJ:	18.1.5 Examine the roles of federal court officers.	TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Marshals

	46.	ANS:	B
In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ruled that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 on which William Marbury had based his case was in conflict with Article III in the Constitution and, therefore, void. In so doing, it claimed the right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.533-A.534		
OBJ:	18.3.1 Define the concept of judicial review.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Marbury v. Madison

	47.	ANS:	C
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, and as such, it stands as the court of last resort in all questions of federal law.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.532| A.534		
OBJ:	18.3.2 Outline the scope of the Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction.	
TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	48.	ANS:	B
The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces reviews the more serious court-martial convictions of military personnel, but its decisions can be taken to the Supreme Court, which is, then, the court of last resort for such cases.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.539	
OBJ:	18.4.1 Contrast the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Supreme Court

	49.	ANS:	C
Originally, a person with a money claim against the United States could secure redress only by an act of Congress, but in 1855, Congress set up the Court of Claims (now the U.S. Court of Federal Claims) to hear such pleas.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.539-A.540		
OBJ:	18.4.2 Explain how a citizen may sue the United States government in the Court of Federal Claims.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of Federal Claims	

	50.	ANS:	C
The courts for the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands were created by Congress, but they function much like the local courts in the 50 States.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.540	
OBJ:	18.4.3 Examine the roles of the territorial courts and those of the District of Columbia courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Territorial Courts

	51.	ANS:	C
The Court of Federal Claims hears cases involving money claims against the federal government.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.460	
OBJ:	18.4.2 Explain how a citizen may sue the United States government in the Court of Federal Claims.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Court of Federal Claims	

	52.	ANS:	B
Although the President selects federal judges, the Senate must confirm them.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.524	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Federal Judges

	53.	ANS:	A
Proponents of judicial activism are willing to go beyond precedent and play an active, creative role in the shaping of public policies, so a President who wants to see changes in court rulings would most likely choose a judicial activist.

PTS:	5	DIF:	L3/L4	REF:	A.524-A.525| A.527	
OBJ:	18.1.4 Understand the impact of judicial philosophy.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Judicial Activism

	54.	ANS:	B
The U.S. Attorneys bring to trial those persons charged with federal crimes.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.526	
OBJ:	18.1.5 Examine the roles of federal court officers.	TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Attorneys

	55.	ANS:	B
All federal judges, including both the judges of the constitutional courts and the judges of the special courts, are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.445	
OBJ:	18.1.3 Outline the process for appointing federal judges, and list their terms of office.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Constitutional and Special Courts

	56.	ANS:	C
If a case is not of the type that falls under federal authority, it is heard in state court. State courts usually hear cases involving criminal or civil disputes in that state.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446	
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Jurisdiction

	57.	ANS:	A
Under the Articles of Confederation, no national courts existed. Because of this, the state courts often interpreted laws differently and ignored the rulings of other states. To remedy this situation, the Framers created the national court system.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.444	
OBJ:	18.1.1 Explain  why the Constitution created a national judiciary, and describe its structure.
TOP:	The Judiciary | National Judiciary

	58.	ANS:	C
Appellate courts review only issues of law. Their judges cannot ask for new facts to be presented. They may overrule or modify the decision of the lower court or send a case back to a lower court for a new trial.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.446| B.452		
OBJ:	18.1.2 Identify the criteria that determine whether a case is within the jurisdiction of a federal court, and compare the types of jurisdiction. | 18.2.2 Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals.	TOP:	The Judiciary | Appellate Courts

	59.	ANS:	B
U.S. marshals perform duties like those of county sheriffs, and they may also respond to such emergency situations as riots, mob violence, and terrorist incidents.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L2	REF:	B.448	
OBJ:	18.1.5 Examine the roles of federal court officers.	TOP:	The Judiciary | U.S. Marshals

	60.	ANS:	C
The Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands are U.S. territories, so their courts are called territorial courts.

PTS:	3	DIF:	L3	REF:	A.540	
OBJ:	18.4.3 Examine the roles of the territorial courts and those of the District of Columbia courts.
TOP:	The Judiciary | Territorial Courts