{"id":458,"date":"2019-09-17T15:01:46","date_gmt":"2019-09-17T19:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/?p=458"},"modified":"2019-09-17T11:40:00","modified_gmt":"2019-09-17T15:40:00","slug":"meaning-of-the-word-algebra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/2019\/09\/17\/meaning-of-the-word-algebra\/","title":{"rendered":"Meaning of the word Algebra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The word <em>algebra<\/em> is a Latin variant of the Arabic word <em>al-jabr<\/em>. This came from the title of a book, <em>Hidab al-jabr wal-muqubala<\/em>, written in Baghdad about 825 A.D. by the Arab mathematician Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khowarizmi.<br \/>\nThe words <em>jabr<\/em> (JAH-ber) and <em>muqubalah<\/em> (moo-KAH-ba-lah) were used by al-Khowarizmi to designate two basic operations in solving equations. <em>Jabr<\/em> was to transpose subtracted terms to the other side of the equation. <em>Muqubalah<\/em> was to cancel like terms on opposite sides of the equation. In fact, the title has been translated to mean &#8220;science of restoration (or reunion) and opposition&#8221; or &#8220;science of transposition and cancellation&#8221; and &#8220;The Book of Completion and Cancellation&#8221; or &#8220;The Book of Restoration and Balancing.&#8221;<br \/>\n<em>Jabr<\/em> is used in the step where x &#8211; 2 = 12 becomes x = 14. The left-side of the first equation, where x is lessened by 2, is &#8220;restored&#8221; or &#8220;completed&#8221; back to x in the second equation.<\/p>\n<p><em>Muqabalah<\/em> takes us from x + y = y + 7 to x = 7 by &#8220;cancelling&#8221; or &#8220;balancing&#8221; the two sides of the equation.<\/p>\n<p>Eventually the <em>muqabalah<\/em> was left behind, and this type of math became known as algebra in many languages.<br \/>\nIt is interesting to note that the word <em>al-jabr<\/em> used non-mathematically made its way into Europe through the Moors of Spain. There an algebrista is a bonesetter, or &#8220;restorer&#8221; of bones. A barber of medieval times called himself an algebrista since barbers often did bone-setting and bloodletting on the side. Hence the red and white striped barber poles of today.<\/p>\n<p>from&nbsp;https:\/\/www.und.nodak.edu\/instruct\/lgeller\/algebra.html (Sept. 26, 2018)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The word algebra is a Latin variant of the Arabic word al-jabr. This came from the title of a book, Hidab al-jabr wal-muqubala, written in Baghdad about 825 A.D. by the Arab mathematician Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khowarizmi. The words jabr (JAH-ber) and muqubalah (moo-KAH-ba-lah) were used by al-Khowarizmi to designate two basic operations in solving equations. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":640,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/640"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":587,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions\/587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iblog.dearbornschools.org\/brownm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}